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psy
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- 1The behaviourist approach (the learning theory) Oparent conditioning - definitionLearning through reinforcement
- 2Operant conditioning - studySkinner (1938) - 'Skinner's box' - rat moves around the cage. When it accidentally presses the lever, a food pellet (the reinforcer) falls into it. The rat keeps pressing lever to get more food. If food stops the rat leaves it (extinction) abandons it.
- 3Reinforcementsomething in the environment that strengthens a behavior to make it happen more often.
- 4Positive reinforcementbehavior produces a satisfying consequence
- 5Negative reinforcementremove something bad to restore the organism to its pre-aversive state
- 6Punishmentbehavior followed by unpleasant consequences. This decreases a behavior from happening.
- 7Evaluation - strength - operant conditioningControlled conditions. By manipulating the consequences of behavior (IV) could accurately measure the effect of rats behavior (dv)
- 8Evaluation - weakness - operant conditioninganimals not humans - little about human behavior. Humans have free will rather than behavior determined by positive and negative reinforcement
- 9The behaviorist approach (the learning theory) Classical conditioning - definitionLearning through association, When an NS is consistently paired with an US so it eventually takes on the properties of the stimulus and is able to produce a CR
- 10What is a Behaviorist?people who believe that human behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning
- 11Classical conditioning - Pavlov's research (1972)Investigating salivary reflexes of dogs. He found dogs also salivated with the food bowl or the person who fed them.
Before conditioning - UCS (food bowl) = UCR (salivation)
NS (Bell ringing) = no salivation
During conditioning - USC (food bowl) + NS (bell) = UCR (salivation)
After conditioning = (bell) CS = CR (salivation) - 12Other features of classical conditioningTiming - After UCS if NS happens or timing between the two is too great then no conditioning
Extinction - CR not permanent. UCR is.
Spontaneous recovery - After extinction if CS and UCS due then paired together once again, link made quicker.
Stimulus generalization - once conditioned they'll respond to other similar stimuli to CS - 13Evaluation - strength of classical conditioningreal life application - developed treatment for phobias - systematic desensitization - remove anxiety (CR) thats associated with phobia (cs). and replace anxiety with relaxation.
- 14Evaluation - weakness of classical conditioningdifference species have different capabilities to learn through the process of classical conditioning. Relationship between CS and USC more difficult to distinguish. Seligman (1970) - animals prepared for survival but unprepared for irrelevant ones.
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- Descripción
- AS - Level Psychology Fichas sobre psy, creado por Shivani Patel el 25/02/2016.
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- Shivani Patel
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