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CONDITIONING FLASHCARDS
Fichas del conjunto (24)
- 1Why is conditioning a debate?- Highly contentious area
- Manipulating behaviour, possibly without subject's knowledge - 2What do people who agree with conditioning think?It has many benefits for children, parents and teachers
- 3What do those opposed to conditioning think?We're raising a generation of selfish robots
- 4What are the arguments for using conditioning at home?- More pleasant & respectful household
- Teaches appropriate behaviour for other situations
- Positive reinforcements benefit kids & parents, e.g naughty step - 5Where is the evidence for this?Gill 1998 -> giving kids money for doing chores (or taking away money) was successful
Kids did 20% of overall chores - 6Where is operant conditioning widely us used, and how?In schools
- rewards systems e.g merits & house points - 7Give an example of a studyLevitt 2010 -> financial incentives for US students improved academic performance
- 8Who suggested that classical conditioning can also be used in schools and how?LeFrancois 2008
- Teachers should maximise pleasure stimuli in classrooms e.g laughter
- Reduce unpleasant stimuli e.g shouting
- Kids will associate school w positivity - 9How are children influenced by their peers?To fit in and be accepted they imitate each other
They are conditioned by each other - 10How did Lovaas 1987 use conditioning to benefit vulnerable children?- Applied Behaviour Analysis increases frequency & quality of autistic kids interactions
- 1 on 1 therapy shapes behaviour
- Initially rewarded for everything but gradually reduced - 11Who developed the 'funhaler' and what were the findings?Chaney (2004)
After 2 weeks kids had fewer problems medicating & better response to treatment - 12Arguments against using conditioning in the home?- Morris 2014 = naughty step can cause long-term bad effects bc kids can't verbalise feelings & receive empathy
- Inconsistent -> mixed messages
- Kids will expect rewards all the time - 13Rewards don't always lead to improved performance. What did Dweck 1975 find?- Kids praised for doing well in a maths test did worse at a later date compared to those who were told they'd been lazy
- 'Lazy' had learned to persist whereas 'praised' gave up early - 14Give another argument against the use of conditioning in schools- Can reduce internal drive to learn
- Kids get more focused on what they will receive - 15Who investigated this and what did he find?Lewis 1995
Found Japanese schools rarely use reward systems but the kids are more motivated to learn - 16What's the problem with conditioning within peer groups?- Some peers aren't good influences
E.g Bricker et al 2006 -> kids aged 10+ more likely to try smoking if friends do it - 17What are the arguments against the use of conditioning on vulnerable kids?- Critics of Lovaas -> methodological issues e.g no random allocation
- Lovaas suggested 40hrs a week but Anderson 1987 thought 20hrs
- Only treats symptoms & could resurface when conditioning is removed - 18What can we conclude about becoming socialised?It will involve conditioning bc it's a basic way to teach right and wrong
Helps kids function in society - 19What issues can we conclude about conditioning?- Not most effective, kids might expect reward systems all the time
- Ethically moulding ppl is wrong, especially the vulnerable (but might be necessary) - 20How can conditioning benefit society?- Helps vulnerable kids make their behaviour more 'normal'
- Can help them fit in better and get rewarding jobs - 21What are the issues?People could get obsessed and become selfish
- 22What is the concern about rewarding students?- Unethical when the money could be better spent elsewhere, e.g Levitt
- 23Economical cost?Greezy et al 2011
Incentive programmes don't always offer the best return on an investment
Schools operate on low budgets already - 24A final ethical issue of conditioning?Open to abuse if people condition for the wrong reasons
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- AS - Level (behavioural ) Psychology Fichas sobre CONDITIONING FLASHCARDS, creado por lucy duckmanton el 25/03/2016.
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- lucy duckmanton
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