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Coding Capacity and Duration
Fichas del conjunto (8)
- 1Codingthe form in which memories are stored
- 2Capacityhow much memory can be held at an given time
- 3Durationhow long a memory can be held
- 4Baddeley (1966) STM + LTM codingfour groups given different lists to remember (acoustically/semantically similar/dissimilar words) asked to recall in correct order, some asked to recall immediately others after 20 mins. found that acoustic similar worse remembered for STM, semantic for LTM; suggests different coding
**artificial stimuli rather than meaningful material - 5Jacobs (1887) capacity of STMdigit span technique, recall tested then another digit added until order cannot be recalled correctly. mean span for digits is 9.3, letters 7.3.
**study conducted a long time ago so lacked control of extraneous variables. - 6Miller (1956) capacity of LTMreview of several studies on memory that tested amount of info recieved, processed and remembered in immediate memory. observations of everyday practice(all things come in 7s). found that capacity of LTM is about 7 items +/- 2. can recall 5 words as well as recalling 5 letters by chunking
**overestimates capacity of STM - Cowan reviewed research and found that capacity of STM is about 4 chunks (Lower end of Millers findings) - 7Peterson and Peterson (1959) duration of STMconsonant syllables(trigrams) given to remember and a 3 digit number then asked to count back in 3s from the 3 digit no to prevent rehearsal in intervals of 3,6,9 up to 18 secs. found that after 3 secs recall was about 80% but after 18 secs was about 3% suggesting that STM has short duration without rehearsal
*artificial stimulus lacks eco validity - 8Bahrick et al (1975) duration of LTMnearly 400 pps age 17-74 asked to recognise classmates from 50 photos from their year book. then asked to free recall names of classmates that they could remember from their graduating class. found that face recog after 48 yrs was 90% and free recall after 48 yrs was 30% suggesting a long duration
** rehearsal may explain results but has high ecological validity
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- AS - Level (Cognitive Psychology) Psychology Fichas sobre Coding Capacity and Duration, creado por Abbie Murray el 12/04/2016.
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- Abbie Murray
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