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ASTRONOMY
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- 1Astronomy Outcome 1The solar system is made up of the sun, 8 planets, moons, asteroids,interplanetary dust and gas,and comets.
- 2O2The orbit of planets is elliptical
-The planets orbit the Sun in an ellipse with the Sun located at a focus - 31st way to remember the planets in our solar system.1.
Mother/Mercury
Very/Venus
easily/Earth
Made/Mars
a/astroid belt
Jam/Jupiter
Sandwich/Saturn
Using/Uranus
Nectarines/Neptune - 4OR2.
My/Mercury
Very/Venus
Easy/Earth
Method/Mars
Just/Jupiter
Speeds/Saturn
Up/Uranus
Naming/Neptune - 5O3Relative scales in astronomy:
- The diameter of the Earth = 12,742km
-The distance of the Earth to the Sun = 149,600,000lm = 1 Astronomical Unit (AU)
-Distance to Neptune = 30.1 AU
Distance to the nearest star (proxima centauri) = 271,000 AU - 6O4Early Astronomy:
Chinese
-The Chinese were pioneers in astronomy
-Initially they regarded the heavens asa canopy and then later as and egg wit the Earth as its centre.
-During the Shang dynasty(1600BC-1100BC), the Chinese recorded numerous solar eclipses.
-The Chinese are credited with making the first observations of the Halley's Comet and sunspots. - 7O4 cont.Early Indian Astronomy:
-The earliest Veda text mentioning astronomy is called the Rig Veda, and was written around 2000 BC. At the time, the earth was considered to be a shell supported by elephants, which represented strength, and were themselves supported by a tortoise, representing infinite slowness.
-In the first millennium AD Indian astronomers adopted a Sun centred model of the Solar System over a thousand years before such model was accepted in the West. - 8O5 GEOMETRIC VS HELIOCENTRICMost of the early Greeks believed that the Earth was the centre of the Solar System,and that the sun and the planets orbited the Earth in perfect Such a model is called Geocentric.
- 9O5 cont.Heliocentric Model:
-In 1543 Nicholas Copernicus pro[osed a Heliocentric model of the Solar System in which the Sun was at the centre and the Earth and the rest of the planets orbit the Sun.
-Initially the Heliocentric model was regarded as controversial as it opposed Church teachings and we cannot feel the motion of the Earth.
-The Heliocentric model was eventually accepted because it was able to simply explain a phenomena called retrograde motion which referred to the outer planets at certain times moving backwards in their orbits. - 10O6-Roughly 99.9% of the mass of the solar system.Its mass is 2x10 to the power of 30kg(333,000 x mass of the earth),
-1.3 million Earths would fit in the volume of the Sun
-The Sun is sphere of mainly Hydrogen (71% by mass) and Helium (27%).
-Surface temperature 6000C
-Core temperature 16 million C - 11O7The equator is an imaginary line drawn on the surface of the surface which divides the Earth into the two equal North and South hemispheres.
- 12O8Phases of the Moon: The changing size of the moon is du to the fact that the moon is sometimes closer or further to the Earth.
-Moonlight is reflected sunlight.
-Half the moon's surface is always reflecting light
-From we see different amounts of the Moon's lit surface
-The amount seen is called a "phase"
Waxing and Waning
-New moon
-Waxing Crescent moon
-Frist Quarter moon
-Waxing Gibbous moon
-Full moon
-Waning Gibbous moon
Third quarter moon
-Waning Crescent moon
-New moon - 13O8 cont.Eclipses
- There are two main types of eclipses- Solar and Lunar.
-In the solar eclipse, the moon moves between the Earth and the Sun so that a region of the Earth is in total shadow. - 14CONT.Solar eclipses
-Moon moves between Earth and the Sun
-Moon casts a shadow on a part of the Earth
-Total eclipses are rare- only once every 360 years from one location.
Lunar Eclipses
-Moon moves into the Earth's shadow-thsi shadow darkens the Moon
-About 2-3 per year
-Last up to 4 hours - 15A
Información
- Descripción
- IGCSE (Astronomy) Sciences Fichas sobre ASTRONOMY, creado por paul jabbour el 03/09/2016.
- Creado por
- paul jabbour · sep 2016
- Actualizado
- 6 sep 2016
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