Flashcards
c1250–c1500: Medicine in medieval England
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1God and the causes of diseaseThe church taught people believed that God made them ill because he was either displeased with them or was testing their faith.
The church was where people learned. - 2Hippocrates and gale Ideas about causesThey believed that people became sick when the four Humours in their body were out of balance.
- 3Hippocrates and gale PreventionThey tried to prevent illness by recommending exercise and a good diet.This would keep the Humours in the body well-balanced
- 4Hippocrates and gale TreatmentThey treated illnesses by bleeding patients or making them vomit.This restored the balance of the humours
- 5BloodlettingBloodletting was the most common treatment for an imbalance of humours.It was done by cutting a vein.
- 6PurgingPurging was another treatment used to re-balance the humours. It either involved making a patient vomit or go to the toilet to remove food from the body
- 7Ideas about the causes of disease and illnessIdeas about bad air (miasma) and movement of the planets also linked to God.
Believed in theory of the four humours – developed by Hippocrates and Galen.
Based on superstition or magic.
Ideas were rational and logical, fitting people’s ideas about how the world worked - 8Methods of TreatmentMagical attempts at cures
People prayed to God
Simple surgery carried out on exterior of body
Four Humours led directly to bleeding and purging – rebalance humours - 9Prevention disease and illnessPeople prayed to God, went on pilgrimage and took part in religious precessions.
Physicians recommended regular bleeding and purging to prevent Humours becoming imbalanced.
Used herbs to keep away bad air - 10Evidence of continuityONTINUITY – CAUSES
The work of Hippocrates (Ancient Greece) and Galen (Ancient Rome) still followed – Theory of the four humours - 11Factors leading to change/continuityCONTINUITY
Institution – Church
Attitudes in Society
The Church controlled much of medical knowledge teaching, preventing change from occurring – great influence over everyone’s ideas. The Church encouraged people not to think for themselves or challenge traditional ideas. - 12Hospitals 11th century11th century they mostly took care for older people who could no longer look after themselves.They were run by monks and nuns who provided food, warmth and prayers.They rarely admitted the sick in case they spread infections.
- 13Hospitals 13th centuryHospitals in the 13 the century were very religious.They were usually run by the Church and staffed by monks and nuns, and the focus was on worshipping God and preparing someone's soul for heaven.
- 14Women: wives,mothers, and midwivesWomen treated most illnesses and knew a wide range of remedies.Sometimes the local wise women or lady of the manor was called to use her skills and knowledge.
- 15PhysiciansPhysicians trained at universities for seven years, reading books by Hippocrates, Galen and Arab medical writes.Fewer than 100 physicians in England in 1300 and only the rich could afford their fees.
- 16Surgeons (also barber-surgeons)No training
Carried out bloodletting, pulling teeth and lancing boils. Also, cut hair.
Did basic surgery such as amputating limbs
Cost less than a physician. - 17ApothecariesReceived training but no medical qualification.
Mixed medicines and ointments based on their own knowledge or direction of a physician.
Coast monay (but less then a physician) - 18Case study Black Death, 1348–49The Black Death reached Britain in 1348, killing about one-third of the population.Ideas about what caused the Black Death.
- 19How people thought the Black Death was caused.Religion: God sent the plague as a punishment for people's sins.
Miasma: Bad air or smells caused by decaying rubbish.
Four Humours: Most physicians believed that disease was caused by an imbalance humours - 20How people tried to avoid catchingPraying and fasting
Cleaning up rubbish in the streets
Lighting a fire in the room
Carrying herbs and spices to avoid breathing in 'bad air' - 21SymptomsSwelling of the lymph glands into large lumps.
Fever and chill
A headache
Vomiting - 22TreatmentPraying and holding luck charms
Cutting open buboes to drain the pus
Eating Cool things and taking cold bath
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- Description
- 1 Ideas about the cause of disease and illness. 2 Approaches to prevention and treatment. 3 Case study
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- Soria Sediqi
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