Flashcards
Qualitative Research
Cards in this deck (38)
- 1Problem Statement Elements1. Socio-economic characteristics and overview of the (work) field in geographical area (relevant to the problem)
2. Nature of the problem (what is vs. What shoud be, size, scoop, severity)
3. (Analysis of major factors)
4. (Solutions in the past)
5. Expected results to solve the problem
Only neccesarry if you have a bigger project scoop:
6. (Overview of relevant literature)
7. (List of definitions)
8. (List of abbreviations) - 2• Exploratorysmall scale, realtive short duration, carried out when little is known about the problem/situation
- 3• Descriptivesystematic collection of data to give a clear picture of a particula situation
- 4• Comparativecomparing more groups; some have developed the problem, some not
- 5• Interventionaction oriented study
- 6Research question:• Coherence with the research objective: what do you want to achieve
• Complete: the question must be completely answered by using the collected data
• Unbiased: a problem description is independent - 7➢ Construct/conceptabstract idea, underlying theme, or subject matter that one wishes ‘to measure’.
➢ Measurable construct = variable
➢ Good definition based on literature
➢ Dimensions and indicators - 8o How can I make my research reliable• Transparency e.g. make interview transcripts public
• Sample size
• Standardisation of the method (statistical tests)
• Peer review
• Pilot testing: interview, observation, FGD, etc
• Reporting and justification – keep a logbook!
• Triangulation (triangulation of sources and investigation) - 9How do I make my research valid?o Asking the right questions
o Clear variables → operationalize
o Adequate sampling
o Preliminary research
o Control group
o Measurement before and after
o Non-disturbing methods of data collection e.g. Hawthorn effect
o Careful design - 10• Repetitionrepeat somth. E.g. repeat the same interview with everyone
- 11• Replicabilityreplicate somth. in another setting e.g. replicate the same interview in another framework / context
- 12Confounding variable/ intervening variable= the actual variable which effects the dependent variable
E.g. poverty – I you poor you cannot the afford healthy food or good education. Thus poverty has an effect on the relationship stated above - 13• Purposeful sampling in Qualitative researcho Convenience sampling
o Maximum variation sampling (disadvantage: time consuming)
o Snowball sampling (disad.: could be not much variation)
o Sampling contrasting cases
o Sampling typical cases - 14• Purposeful sampling in Quantitative researcho Simple random sampling
o Systematic sampling
o Stratified sampling
o Cluster sampling
o Multistage sampling - 15• Saturationsample size is deemed to be adequate when the researcher is not detecting new knowledge from additional respondents
- 16• Designframework you create to seek answers to research questions; it defines the type of study (descriptive, correlational, experimental; exploratory, etc)
- 17• Method: tool with which you gather the data (questionnaire, in-depth-interviews, observation etcetera)
- 18Fundamental research(would be nice to know)
• Scientific research that seeks to contribute to a scientific theory
• Makes a contribution to the knowledge base in a certain field
• Scientific relevance
E.g. how does the surface of mars look like? / What is the mating behaviour of blue wales? - 19Applied researcha problem to solve
• Scientific research that seeks to solve a practical problem, or…
• answers a specific question,…
• that has direct applications to the world
E.g. How can astronouts bes end to mars in the most sufficient way? How can we stop the illegal hunting of wales? - 20Quantitative research• numerical information
• statistical analyses
• researcher at distance
• focused on testing hypotheses - 21Qualitative research• not/hardly numerical
• values the significance that the research subject assigns to the situation
• research conducted ‘in the field’ - 22Emic= objective experienced world of the respondent
- 23Eticintersubjective product of researcher and respondent
E.g. Person finds it difficult to explain feeling but it does it best according to the question asked by the interviewer intersubjective
Schein’s onion inner cycles - 24Research plan• A document which outlines WHAT one wants to research on.
• It also outlines WHY, HOW, WHERE and to WHOM the research will be conducted
• Explains what BENEFITS are to be derived from it.
• Is a work plan (time, budget, etc) - 25Covertundercover
- you could be stressed/ anxiety, how do make notes?, ethical? - 26Overtin the open
- Hawthorne/test effect - 27Classification of participant observer rolesTotal participant observer <--------->full observer
Can change over research duration - 28Observation protocol- Which research questions are you going to (partly) answer through observation
- Population/sample you are going to observe
- Site(s), date(s), time(s) of day, for how long
- How are you going to present yourself
- Which questions need to be answered in that particular situation
- Informal interviewing - 29Observation notes- Taking notes – expanding notes
- Observation versus interpretation / inference - 30inferenceJumping to assumptions based on facts/ observation --> better doppel check
- biased bec. based on experience of researcher - 31FGD - AdvantagesLow cost
Conducted rapidly
Interactions tend to be lively
Produces rich information
Sensitive/controversial topics can be better handled through FGDs
Synergistic effect
Flexible - 32FGDsMinority opinions not always expressed
Ideas on deviant or stigmatized behavior
Limited usefulness regarding actual behavior
Group norms
Facilitator visibly reacting
Socially desired answers
Dominant participants
Sampling bias - 33Functions facilitatorAsks questions and probes
- 34Functions moderatorrecords what is happening: vocabulary, emotions, engagement? etc.
- 35Criteria for assessing the quality of docsAuthenticity (genuine evidence)
Credibility (free from error)
Representativeness (typical of its kind)
Meaning (clear and comprehensible) - 36BiasSampling procedures are not adhered to
Variability in observations or measurements
Changing measurement criteria during the research - 37Prevent bias bySelect, train and counsel research assistants
Pre-test measurement instruments and – procedures
Install quality assurance activities - 38—
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- Flashcards on Qualitative Research, created by Martita K on 01/03/2018.
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- Martita K
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