Flashcards
The Norman conquest
Cards in this deck (58)
- 1Who is Edward the confessor's half bro?King Harthacanute
- 2When did Edward the confessor become king of England?1041
- 3Who was Edward the confessor's names successor?William, duke of Normandy
- 4In 1057, what part of England were the Godwin not in control of?Mercia
- 5What months and year did Edward the confessor die?January 1066
- 6Why did Edwards death cause a problem?He had no kids of his own
He had made a promise to all of his claimants - 7Who was the illegitimate claimant?William of Normandy
- 8How did William help Edward after the Godwin's rebelled?Sent soldiers
- 9Which of the claimants were military leaders?All but Edmund. Technically, Hardrada was more of a warrior.
- 10How old was Edmund in 1066?14
- 11Who did Tostig Godwinson support?Harald Hardrada
(such a good brother) - 12Who was the richest man in England before 1066?Harold Godwinson
(Edward takes an L) - 13What were the 3 types of soldiers Harold Godwinson used?Housecarls were full-time pro soldiers in the Saxon army
Thegns are just knights
Fyrd are the ordinary men - 14How did William get 7000 soldiers and 600 ships and 3000 horses from nothing?Given the papal banner by the pope which showed that God was on his side which gained lots of support
- 15Where and who did Hardrada defeat when he came?Landed at Ricall in September 1066.
Defeated earls Edwin and Morcar at battle of Fulford.
Captured York. - 16How and why did Godwinson win at Stamford bridge?Godwinson travelled 200 miles in 6 days which was pacy.
Because it was a hot day, Vikings left chain mail on boats.
Surprise attack and beaten easily.
Tostig and Hardrada killed. - 17Exact date of Stamford bridge?25 September 1066
- 18Exact date of Fulford?20 September 1066
- 19How many ships returned to Viking homeland?25 out of 300
- 20Where did the Normans land?Pevensey on a large bay
- 21How did Godwinson react to Norman landings?Marched 200 miles back in 4-5 days.
Didn't rest in London because wanted surprise attack and to stop terror.
William expected a surprise attack. - 22Exact date of Hastings?14 October 1066
- 23What happened at Hastings?1) Saxons formed up on Senlac ridge hill.
2) Saxons formed a shield wall on foot.
3) William attacked the wall with archers then foot soldiers.
4) Wall fell apart because of theigned retreat tactic.
5) Harold killed but Normans continued chasing down Saxons. - 24Define theigned retreat?Normans attacked and then ran back.
Saxons chased them down and got stuck in the marshy land.
Got killed there. - 25How did William capture towns?1) Marched through them.
2)Terrorized the people.
3) Built castles and left garrisons (soldiers)
4) Scared other towns into giving in. - 26How did William try to keep English support?Used English for royal writs.
Let Stigand remain AB of Canterbury.
Let English lords keep their land.
Encouraged English lords to marry Normans. - 27What was the Exeter revolt about?Exeter refused to give loyalty to William due to high support for Godwinson.
He beseiged the city for 18 days and they gave in. - 28Who ran the revolt in Mercia?Earls Edwin and Morcar
- 29What was the Harrying of the North?1) 1069: there was a revolt against Lord Cumin
2) Rebellion supported by Edgar of Atheling
3) Rebels attacked York
4) William defeated them by paying the Danes to go away
5) He killed people, animals and crops and made land infertile
6) He built a 2nd castle in York - 30What were Williams castles like?Motte and bailey design: a large mound of Earth with a wooden tower on top.
Built quickly to house Norman cavalry and soldiers. - 31What percentage of land did William own compared to Edward?22% for William & 25% to the church
12% to Edward and 20% to the church. Most of it was owned by the Godwin family - 32What did tenants-in-chief do?Basically are lords that own a lot of return but must provide an agreed number of soldiers.
- 33How many shires were there?134
- 34What changes did William make to the legal system?Introduced honorial court.
Introduced trial by combat.
Constables to arrest people.
Watchmen to ensure curfews.
Tithing (12 men who made sure they wouldn't commit crimes as all of them would be punished) - 35What did William keep the same about the legal system?Trial by ordeal (water and iron)
hue and cry system
judge crimes like violence and theft - 36What was village life like?Fields ploughed in February
Seeds dispersed in March
Harvest in June
Sheep farming was the main industry - 37How was life different between the poor and the rich?Rich lived of food grown by tenant. Knights spent time working on military skills. Diet was mainly meat. Scurvy was common. Bad teeth.
Poor survived on bread, soup and vegetables. Had a small strip of land to farm on. - 38What were the economic consequences of the Norman conquest?1) Power and wealth of lords increased
2) Prices went up
3) Trade increased and connected with Europe - 39How much did slavery fall in 1086?25%
- 40What village failed and why?Pickering fell in value from 88 pounds to 1 pound because of the Harrying of the North.
- 41How many large and small towns were there in 1086?18 towns with 2000+ people.
112 other towns. - 42Which Pope gave the Papal banner?Pope Alexander II
- 43Why was the church corrupt?1) Celibacy - marriage
2) Pluralism - clergy holding 2+ positions
3) Simony - buying positions
4) Nepotism - family and friends - 44When was Lanfranc appointed AB of Canterbury?1070
- 45What did Lanfranc do?1) Created church courts and councils
2) Ended celibacy
3) Created archdeacons and deans
4) Local churches doubled from 1070 to 11700 - 46What cathedral did the Normans not knock down?Westminster Abbey because it was already similar to Norman buildings
- 47What style were Norman cathedrals?Romanesque - built from stone and displayed Norman power and the sign that God favored the Normans
- 48Which Pope did William have conflict with?Gregory VII
- 49Why was William Rufus a problem for the Church?1) Accused by Anselm (AB Cant) for not being religious enough
2) Let simony reappear - 50Since when have monasteries existed?Roman times
- 51What 3 vows did monks and nuns have to take?poverty, chastity (celibacy) & obedience
- 52What did Lanfranc (an ex-monk himself) do to monasteries in 1077?1) Introduced constitution at Canterbury (strict rules)
2) Reformed the liturgy (words used at religious services)
3) Normans gradually replaced Saxons in religious positions - 53How did monastic revival increase?1066-1135:
Monks and nuns increased from 1000 to 5000
Monasteries grew from 60 to 250
Increased Cluniac (french monastries) - 54How many Cluniac monasteries were there in 1135?24
The first was founded in 1077 (Lewis Abbey) - 55What were schools like?Schools were based on religion: you were taught Latin, music, law and mathematics as well as the Bible.
- 56When was the first secular (grammar) school?1382 (Winchester college)
- 57When was the first university founded?1096: Oxford University
1209: Cambridge university - 58How did language transform under the Normans?1) Latin was used by gov and Church
2) No more Saxon English documents after 1154
3) Poor kept speaking English
4) Middle and upper class spoke Norman-French
5) Developed into Anglo-Norman which is most similar to todays language
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- GCSE History Flashcards on The Norman conquest, created by Dhru Patel on 27/03/2018.
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- Dhru Patel
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