Flashcards
Appendicular Skeleton (6)
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?the appendages and bones that attach them to the axial skeleton
- 23 upper regions of the appendicular skeleton~pectoral girdle - clavicle and scapula
~arms and forearms - humerus, radius, and ulna
~wrists, hands, and fingers - 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 5 proximal phalanges, 4 intermediate phalanges, and 5 distal phalanges - 33 lower regions of appendicular skeleton~pelvic girdle - pelvic or hip bones (coxal bones)
~thighs and lower legs - femur, patella, tibia, and fibula
~ankles, feet, and toes - 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 5 proximal phalanges, 4 intermediate phalanges, and 5 distal phalanges - 4Characteristics of pectoral girdles (3)~consist of clavicles (anterior) and scapula (posterior)
~loosely attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton in a manner that allows for multi-axial movement
~provide attachment points for muscles that move the upper limbs - 5What is the most common bone fracture?clavicular fractures often due to falling on outstretched arms
- 6Shoulder separationstretching or tearing of the ligaments of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint
- 7Bones of the upper limb~consists of the arm (brachium), forearm (antebrachium), and hand (manus)
~30 bones form the skeletal framework - 8Characteristics of the humerus (3)~only bone in the arm
~articulates with the scapula at the shoulder, and the radius and ulna at the elbow
~glenohumoral (shoulder) joint is easily dislocated because of loose attachment - 9Characteristics of the forearm (4)~bones are radius and ulna
~they articulate proximally with the humerus and distally with the wrist bones (carpals)
~articulate w/ each other proximally and distally at small and mobile radioulnar joints
~interosseous membrane connects the two bones along their entire length - 10Characteristics of the complex structure of the ulna (3)~trochlear notch forms a "saddle" which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
~olecranon process forms the point of elbow, acts as a "stop" in the humeral olecranon fossa, and serves as the attachment point for the tendon of the triceps muscle
~radial notch is a concave surface of the lateral side where the head of the radius articulates - 11Characteristics of the wrist (3)~8 wrist short bones (carpals) arranged in 2 rows of 4
~proximal carpals form a joint w/ the end of the radius (none directly articulate w/ the ulna)
~strong ligaments hold the carpals together - 12flexor retinaculumligament that transversely spans the inner wrist forming the carpal tunnel
- 13carpal tunnel syndromechronic repetitive actions of the fingers can cause inflammation and swelling in the tunnel, putting pressure on the medial nerve
- 14Characteristics of the hand (3)~5 bones of the palm (metacarpals) and 14 bones of the fingers (phalanges)
~distal end of the metacarpals articulate with the proximal phalanges at the knuckles
~proximal phalange of the thumb is independent of the others allowing mobility (opposable thumb) - 15pelvic girdleattaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
- 16Characteristics of the bony pelvis (4)~consists of coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx
~attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton with the strongest ligaments of the body
~transmits weight of the upper body to the lower limbs
~supports the abdominopelvic organs - 17Characteristics of female pelvis (3)~Tilted forward, adapted for
childbearing
~Sacrum is wider and shorter
~Cavity of the true pelvis is
broad, shallow, and has greater
capacity - 18Characteristics of male pelvis (4)~More upright
~Adapted for support of heavier
male build and stronger muscles
~Sacrum is narrower and taller
~Cavity of true pelvis is narrow
and deep - 19Characteristics of the lower limb (2)~3 segments are the thigh, leg, and foot
~bones are thicker and stronger since they carry the entire weight of the erect body and are subjected to exceptionally large forces when one jumps or runs - 20Characteristics of the thigh (4)~The sole bone of the thigh is the femur, the longest and strongest bone in the body
~The femoral head articulates proximally with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint
~The greater and lesser trochanters are large bony projections to which the large hip muscles are attached
~The distal lateral and medial condyles articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint - 21Characteristics of the patella (3)~sesamoid bone imbedded in the quadriceps tendon
~this tendon extends past the patella as the patellar ligament and connects to the tibia
~only articulation with the patella is the patellar surface of the femur - 22Characteristics of the tibia and fibula (4)~connected to each other by interosseous membrane
~medial and lateral condyles articulate w/ the femur proximally and the ankle bones distally
~articulate with each other via the essentially immovable tibiofibular joints at both ends
~tibia (medial) is the weight bearing bone, fibula stabilizes ankle - 23Characteristics of the foot (3)~includes 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, and the phalanges
~foot supports body weight and acts as a level to propel the body forward in walking and running
~tarsals and metatarsals are joined together by strong ligaments to stabilize the structure/integrity of the ankle/foot - 24Are tarsal bones or carpal bones heavier?tarsal bones because they bear the weight of the while body while standing
- 25How is the ankle joint formed?talus joins the articular surface of the tibia
- 26What bone forms the heel of the foot?the calcaneus which is also the site of attachment for the achilles tendon
- 27Characteristics of the arches of the foot (2)~3 arches maintained by interlocking foot bones and strong ligaments
~arches are required due to the segmented anatomy of the foot - 28What are the 3 arches of the foot?~lateral longitudinal - relatively flat arch
~medial longitudinal - high arch in most people
~transverse - runs obliquely from one side of the foot to the other - 29plantar fasciitisinflammation of the connective tissue bands of the longitudinal arches, a common strain injury in runners or in people who stand for extended times on hard surfaces
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- Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards on Appendicular Skeleton (6), created by Madison Green on 20/10/2018.
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- Madison Green
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