Flashcards
The Immune System
Cards in this deck (46)
- 1What is the immune system?The immune system is a network of cells,tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body from harmful germs.
- 2What is a pathogen?A pathogen is an organism or virus that causes a disease.
- 3What are some examples of pathogens?Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, and Prions
- 4Are all bacteria bad?No. Bacteria in our gut, Lactobacillus acidophilus, helps us digest food,destroy disease causing organisms, and provides nutrients.
- 5What are white blood cells?White blood cells are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious diseases and foreign invaders.
- 6What are white blood cells also called?Leukocytes
- 7What is the bodies first line of defense against germs?A physical barrier including skin, tears, saliva, mucus, and stomach acid
- 8What is the bodies second line of defense against germs?An internal barrier of white blood cells which multiply to eliminate invading pathogens.
- 9How does your body know to fight?Antigens on the surface of pathogens are recognized and trigger a response.
- 10What is the first step of the immune system?Antigens on the surface of pathogens are recognized.
- 11What is the second step of the immune system?The pathogen is then marked with antibodies.
- 12What is the third step of the immune system?The pathogen and/or infected cells are attacked
- 13How are they attacked?They are lysed and engulfed
- 14What is the fourth step of the immune system?The body keeps memory cells for future invasions
- 15What do B-cells do?They label invaders for later destruction
- 16What do macrophages do?They consume pathogens
- 17What do Cytotoxic T-cells do?They kill infected cells
- 18What do Helper t-cells do?They activate B-cells
- 19What else do macrophages do?They consume infected cells
- 20What else do Helper t-cells do?They activate cytotoxic cells
- 21What is the ratio of one white blood cell to body cells.1 white blood cell: 50 body cells
- 22What are the 3 specific immune responses?1) B-cells make antibodies that bind to the antigen.
2) Macrophages engulf clumps of bacteria or virus
3) T-cells help the B-cells or kill infected cells - 23What is the inflammatory response?The inflammatory response occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria. The damaged cells release the chemical histamine to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.
- 24What four nonspecific defenses are caused by pathogens invading the body?1. The inflammatory response
2. The temperature response
3. Proteins that kill or inhibit pathogens
4. White blood cells that attack and kill pathogens - 25What three effects does increased blood flow have on an infection site?1. Swelling
2. Redness
3. Irritation - 26What effect do fevers have on many disease-causing bacteria?Fevers reduce the production of pathogens
- 27What does the release of the chemical histamine cause?It causes blood vessels to dilate
- 28What are vaccines?Vaccines are weakened or mild forms of pathogens that are injected into the body
- 29What do vaccines do?They build up antibodies to prepare for future attack.
- 30What is maternal immunity?It's when antibodies from the mother are passed through breast milk to the baby.
- 31What are examples of non-infectious diseases?1) Diabetes
2) Heart disease
3) Cardiovascular disease
4) Cancer
5) Any mental illness - 32What causes a non-infectious disease?1. Poor nutrition
2. Smoking
3. Polluted air, water, or soil
4. Inherited diseases
5. Cancer (uncontrolled cell growth)
6. Auto-immune responses - 33What is an infectious disease?Contagious diseases that are caused by pathogens.
- 34What are some examples of nutritional diseases?1) Scurvy- caused by lack of vitamin c
2) Heart disease
3) Type II diabetes
4) High blood pressure
5) Cholesterol
6) Gout - 35What do genetic diseases do?They affect the chromosomes
- 36What are some examples of genetic diseases?1. Down's syndrome
2. Progeria (rapid aging) - 37What are the most common types of cancers?1) Melanoma (skin cancer)
2) Ovarian cancer
3) Breast cancer
4) Testicular cancer
5) Prostate cancer
6) Throat cancer
7) Lung cancer
8) Leukemia (blood cancer) - 38What are examples of auto-immune diseases?1) Lupus
2) Celiac and Crohn's disease
3) Eczema - 39What are vectors?Vectors are organisms that can transfer disease by acting as a host for pathogens
- 40What are common types of vectors?1) Flies
2) Rats and mice
3) Mosquitoes - 41What do flies transmit?Bacteria causing food poisoning
- 42What do rats and mice transmit?They carry fleas which can transmit disease
- 43What do mosquitoes transmit?They can carry malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever
- 44What are the 2 main types of leukocytes?1. Lymphocytes
2. Phagocytes - 45What do phagocytes do?Phagocytes eat pathogens. This allows them to transmit and analyze the eaten pathogen, and then send the information to the lymphocytes.
- 46What do lymphocytes do?They go in search of infected cells and kill them of. They're also called T-cells.
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- A study guide for an exam on the immune system that covers it's function, definitions of a pathogen, bacteria, the steps the immune system takes to fight off diseases, immunity, and types of diseases.
- Created by
- Rebecca Sikarev
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