Flashcards
Equine ID -Respiratory
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1What is the medical name for strangles?Streptococcus equi var. equi
- 2What are the main clinical features of strangles?Pyrexia
Dull
Inappetent
Inflammatory changes on blood sample
Lymph node abscessation - 3Which lymph nodes are affected?Submandibular
Retropharyngeal
Occasionally Prescapular +/ Mesenteric - 4What can happen in severe cases of strangles?Dyspnoea
Lymph node abscesses burst into guttural pouches ->guttural pouch empyema-> Chondriods
Bastard strangles
Purpura haemorrhagica - 5Tx DyspnoeaTracheotomy
- 6Tx Guttural pouch empyemaDrain
If Chondroids have formed need to break down first - 7Tx Purpura haemorrhagicaImmunosupressants
- 8Properties of strangles persistent carriersApprox 10% recovered horses become chronic carriers
Can be carriers upto 5yrs
Intermittently shed S equipment
Asymptomatic
Predominantly guttural pouch chondrites - 9What are the properties of S equi?Gram +ve
Coccoid
Lancefield c group
Catalase-negative
Facultative aerobic
Beta-haemolytic
Lactose fermentation -ve - 10What is the structure of S. equi?Cell wall M protein (Target for vaccines)
HA capsule - 11How is S equ transmitted ?Direct contact + fomites
- 12How long can S equipment survive in the environment ?4 weeks
Sensitive to desiccation, sunlight, heat, most disinfectants - 13What increases attack rates of strangles?Increasing group size
Increased movement of horses
Increased mixing of horses
Communal feeders and drinkers
Younger horses - 14Strangles DxCulture (+ve)
PCR (+ve)
Serology (+ve Ab) - 15How can you confirm when a horse is free of strangles?Guttural pouch wash
Nasal swab = 3-ve swabs each wk for 3 wks - 16Strangles Tx Individual horseBiosecurity!
Symptomatic - Anti-inflammatory , soft feed, tracheotomy
Antimicrobials ?? - 17Tx strangles OutbreakRed area = confirmed case
Amber = contact w confirmed
Green = no contact w confirmed
NO movement on/off yard
Monitor daily temp of amber/ green - if pyrexic ISOLATE!
Biosecurity
Have to declare all horses free of disease before yard opens again - 18Control or prevention -New arrivalsSerology - ELISA
2 wk quarantine (even if -ve)
Check temp daily
Positive ELSA /temp ->Guttural pouch PCR - 19Control and prevention -VaccinationModified live strangles vaccine
Submucosal Injection
Reduces signs and complications versus full protection
CANT differentiate between vaccinated and infected - 20What is the medical name for rattles?Rhodococcus equi
- 21What is R. equi?Suppurative bronchopneumonia of foals aged between 1-4 months old
- 22Clinical signs of acute rattlesYoung foals affected
Fever
Anorexia
Cough
Nasal discharge
Large pulmonary abscess formation
Occasional diarrhoea - 23Clinical signs of chronic rattlesOlder foals
Cough
Dyspnoea
Weight loss
Exercise
Intolerance
Loud moist crackles on auscultation
Large pulmonary abscess formation
Occasional diarrhoea - 24R equi pathogenesisIntracellular - multiplies with alveolar macrophages
Destroys macrophages
Continual cycle leads to access formation (Slow progression)
Destruction of alveoli
Destruction of peters patches gut - 25What is the incubation period of R equi ?10d - 3 wks
- 26R equi possible complicationsPoly arthritis
Granulomatous ulcerative enterocolitis and mesenteries lymphadenitis
Corneal oedema and anterior uveitis - 27R. equi propertiesGram +ve
Pleomorphic rod
Aerobic soil saprophyte + normal gut flora - 28R equi virulence factorsLipid rich capsule inhibits phagocytosis
Intracellular pathogen due to inhibitory surface Ag
Ag encoded by VAP plasmid - 29R equi transmissionInhalation
Dust aerosols
lung form common
Cranial right lung affected first
Oral route
Primary ingestion
Swallowing from airways secretions - 30Rattles DxClinical signs
Tracheal wash + culture - PCR shows VAP plasmid
Radiography
Ultrasonography
Bloods - fibrinogen - 31Rattles TxSupportive Tx
Low dust, Warm, Anti-inflammatory
Long term antimicrobials - 32R equi environment interactionsResistance to disinfectant (Acids/alkali)
Survives in soil 12-36 months
Survives in large colon in adult horses - 33Rattles biosecurityQuarantine may work
Avoid crowding
Remove foal manure from pasture
Reduce dust - 34What is Bronchopneumonia / Pluropneumonia ?Bacterial pneumonia and secondary pleural effusion
- 35What is bronchopneumonia / pleuropneumonia caused by?Aerobic facultative anaerobes
Anaerobes (usually in combination) - 36Predisposing factors of bronchopneumonia /pleuropneumonia?Long distance transport - Head elevation + aspiration of dust
Viral resp disease - damage to epithelium
Aspiration pneumonia - oesophageal obstruction
Excerise - Induced pulmonary haemorrhage
GA/surgery - 37Stages of pleuropneumoniaAcute exudative stage
Fibrinopurulent stage
Organisational stage - 38What happens in the acute exudative stage?Inflammation of the lung and pleura - sterile protein rich pleural exudate
- 39What happens in the Fibrinopurulent stage?Bacteria invade and multiply in pleural fluid
Fribrin deposits on pleural surfaces
Lymphatic obstruction - 40Pleuropneumonia DxClinicalsigns
Ultrasound
Thoracocentesis
TTW and culture - 41Clinical signs of plueronuemoniaPyrexia
Depression
Inc HR
Inc RR
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- Vet Med 2 (ID) Flashcards on Equine ID -Respiratory, created by Alice Butterworth on 05/01/2019.
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- Alice Butterworth
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