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| Question | Answer |
| What are the microscopical shape and size of Bacillus? | large rods- 10μm motile |
| Name the 2 staining methods for bacillus and their results | 1. gramm staining= + 2. wirtz-conclin= green endospores and the rest red. |
| Cultivation method for bacillus: | * MPBA * 37°C for 1-2 days * Aerobes/facultative anaerobic |
| Which animals are the most susceptible to infection by B. Anthracis? | Ruminants |
| Which form of B. Anthracis is the most common? | The cutaneous form- 95% |
| Name 3 forms of B. Anthracis: | 1) Cutaneous 2)Pulmonary 3) GIT form |
| Which bacillus causes a dangerous zoonotic disease? What is the name of the disease? | B. Anthracis causes Anthrax, splenic fever |
| What are the results of Catalase and oxidase test for bacillus? | Cat + Ox - |
| What is the name of the test that is used for detecting anthrax ? | Ascoli reaction/ precipitation test Adding antigen on top of antiserum with Ab’s and the result is a ring in the middle |
| Which bacillus is positive for ascoli and perl test, and which is negative? | + : B. Anthracis - : B. Cereus |
| Which strain causes hemolysis? What type? | B. Cereus- β haemolysis |
| All strains of bacillus are motile | Nope Only B. Cereus is (B. Anthracis is non-motile) |
| None of the strains have capsula | B. Anthracis has a capsule |
| In order to prevent the spread of anthrax from dead bodies it is necessary to: | Bury the carcasses deep down or keep it at 150°C for 3h. The cell wall of the bacteria breaks when heated. |
| What is typical for pulmonary form of B. Anthracis? | Chest edema followed with cardiovascular shock. High mortality |
| High temperature and eschars are typical for: | Cutaneous form of B. Anthracis Causes black necrotic lesions aka eschars |
| The less common form of B. Anthracis which however is fatal after ingesting the spores is: | GIT form |
| ** bonus question :) ** Which bacillus was used as a biological weapon for terrorist attacks and when?? | B. Anthracis in 2001, USA office attacks |
| The toxins of B. anthracis in general cause: | swelling, necrosis, septicemia all will lead to increased vascular permeability, hemorrhages and death. |
| Zinc metalloprotease is produced by____and causes____ : | B. Anthracis death of macrophages |
| Which strain produces enterotoxins? What do they cause? | B. Cereus Will cause alimentary intoxication, gastritis, enteritis, vomiting and diarrhea |
| Which strain possess a β-lactamase gene? What does this mean for the bacterium? | B. Anthracis When the gene is activated the becterium will become resistan to β-lactam antibiotics making it more difficult to treat. |
| What test is used for detection of enterotoxins? | ELISA |
| 2 not so important strains of bacillus are: | B. Subtillis- mastitis B. Larvae- plague of bees fetus |
| What is the process for wirtz-conclin staining? | • Heat fixation on slide • 5% malachite green • Heat ~~Repeat green and heat 3 times~~ • Wash with water • Carbolfuchsin staining |
| What is one factor that gives the bacteria their increased resistance? | Sporogenic: produce spores which give them increased resistance |
| What happens in splenic fever? | The spleen is destroyed and there are problems with circulation |
| Is splenic fever transmissible? | YES Usually from CATTLE to human from SKIN= cutaneous/skin transmissible. Causes sepsis (blood intoxication), increased temp., necrotic skin lesions |
| Which strain is opportunistic? | B. Cereus Also survives heat (heat treatment in food) and so it's an important contaminant of food |
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