18616614
Description
Flashcards by Lily Serotonin, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lily Serotonin
almost 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Charter from the Queen of England. | No other trading group of England could compete with the East India Company. |
| What attracted European trading groups like the East India Company to India? | -The basic principle that the European trading groups used to gain profit was to venture across oceans and find lands from where they could purchase goods at a relatively cheap price and sell it a higher price in their homeland. Thus, they had an increased profit margin and were mercantile. -The fine, qualitative cotton, silk, cardamom, cinnamon, pepper etc. were in great demand. |
| Mercantile. | A business enterprise that makes profit primarily through trade, buying goods cheap and selling them at higher prices. |
| How did competition affect trade? | -Competition amongst the European trading Companies inevitably pushed up prices. -Trade could flourish only if rival competitors were eliminated. -The urge to secure markets therefore lead to fierce battles among the different trading companies. -The seventeenth and Eighteenth century saw trading companies sink each other's ships, blockade routes, prevent the rival ships from moving with supplies etc. -Trade was carried on with arms and trading posts were guarded through fortification. |
| Where was the first English Factory set up? | The first factory of the East India trading company was set up on the banks of the river Hugli in 1651. |
| What is a farman and which farman was given? | A farman is a royal edict or order which is issued by a royal authority. The Company persuaded Aurangzeb to present them with a farman that gave them the right to trade duty-free. |
| What led to the Battle of Plassey? | -Murshid Quli Khan was followed by Alivardi Khan and then, Sirajuddaulah as the Nawab of Bengal. -They refused to grant the Company concessions, demanded large tributes for the Company's right to trade, denied it any right to mint coins and stopped it from extending its fortifications. -The accused the Company of writing disrespectful letters, refusing to pay taxes, and trying to humiliate the Nawab and his officials. -The Company on its part declared that the unjust demands made my the Nawab was disturbing in the aspects of rade and that trade could flourish only if duties were removed. -It was also convinced that to expand trade, it had to enlarge its settlements, buy up villages, and re-build its forts. -These conflicts led to confrontations which finally culminated in the Batte of plassey. |
| Puppet | Literally, a toy that you can move with the help of strings. The term is used dissapprovingly to refer to a person who is controlled by someone else. |
| Write a short note on the army. | -The Mughal army was mainly consisting of cavalry i.e of sawars (trained soldiers on horseback), infantry i.e paidal (foot) soldiers. They ere given training is archery (teer-andazi) and sword-fighting. -The cavalry was dominating and the Mughals did not feel the need to have a large, trained infantry. -The rural areas had many armed peasants and the zamindars supplied the Mughals with paidal soldiers. -A change occurred in the eighteenth century when the Mughal successor states began recruiting peasants into their armies as professionally trained soldiers. -The East India Company used the same strategy when recruiting soldiers for their own army. -This army was known as the sepoy army from the hindi word 'sipahi'. |
| Musket | A heavy gun used by the infantry. |
| Matchlock | An early gun in which the powder as ignited by a match. |
| Write a short note on the new administration. | British territories were broadly divided into 3 Presidencies i.e Bengal, Madras and Bombay. -The supreme Head of administration wad Governor-General Warren Hastings. -From 1772, a ne system of justice was enforced: There were two courts; the faujdari adaalat i.e the criminal court and the diwani adaalat i.e the civil court. |
| Write a short note on the Doctrine of Lapse. | The final wave of annexations occurred under Lord Dalhousie who was Governor-General from 1848-1856. -He devised the Doctrine of Lapse. -This doctrine states that if and Indian ruler died without a 'male heir' or a son, his kingdom would 'lapse' i.e become a part of Birtish territory. -Many kingdoms were annexed simply by applying this doctrine. For eg: Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854). -Awadh was also annexed in 1856. |
| Write a short note on the war with the Marathas. | -The Marathas were subdued in a series of wars. -The first war ended in the Treaty of Salbai in 1782, wherein there was no distinct victor. -The second Anglo-Maratha war (1803-05) wasfought on different frons hich resulted in the British gaining control over Orissa and the territiries North of Yamuna including Delhi and Agra. -Finally, the Third Anglo-Maratha war (1817-19) crushed Maratha power. -The peshwa was sent to Bithur near Kanpur with a pension. -The now had complete control over the territories to the south of the Vindhyas. |
| Confederacy | Alliance |
| Write a short note on Residents. | -After the Battle of Buxar (1764), The Company appointed Residents in the Indian States. -They were political and commercial agents and their purpose was to serve and further the interests of the Company. -Through the Residents, the Company tried to interfere with the internal affairs of the state like, they tried to decide who would succeed the throne, who should be posted at a particular administrative post etc. |
| How did the Company benefit from the assumption of Diwani? | -In 1765, the Mughal Emperor appointed the Company as the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal. -This gave the Company access to the vast revenue resources of Bengal. -This solved a major problem of financing the trade for the Company. -Earlier, the Company traded with gold and silver as it had no goods to sell in India. -The outflow of gold slowed down after the Battle of Plassey and totally culminated after the assumption of Diwani. -Now, revenues could be used to purchase cotton and silk textiles in India, maintain Company troops and meet the cost of Building Company forts and offices at Calcutta. |
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