Flashcards
Reading key terms
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1Synthetic phonicsWords are broken up into phonemes for the child to recognise. Children are taught the letters (graphemes) that represent the phonemes and learn to blend them into words e.g: c-a-t. Children are systematically taught around 40 phonics and letter combinations. Graphemes are grouped together and the children progress from one group to another. Spelling comes hand in hand with this approach.
- 2Analytical phonicsThe phonemes are associated with particular graphemes but aren't pronounced in isolation. The children identify the common phoneme in a set of words e.g: c-at, c-on and discuss how they're alike. There's typically an emphasis on the initial sound. This works for short words but is problematic for longer ones. The speed of learning can be as slow as 1 sound a week, spelling is tackled separately and there are a lot of rule exceptions.
- 3Look and say AKA the whole word methodThis approach dominated in the 1940-60s. The child reads the words as a "sight" word. The child memorises the words through repetition on each page. The words are placed in meaningful contexts and may use picture cues.
- 4Jolly PhonicsA book series for teaching reading and writing via synthetic phonics. The guides provide advice for parents and teachers.
- 5What are the 5 basic skills for reading and writing according to Jolly Phonics?Learning the letter sounds.
Learning letter formation.
Blending.
Identifying sounds in words.
Spelling the tricky words. - 6Why don't all children find it easy to read?Learning and blending sounds may be difficult for a child, not due to lack of intelligence but because they may have a poor memory for symbols and words.
- 7How does Jolly Phonics teach the letter sounds?There are 42 main sounds of English. These are categorised into 7 groups. Each sound has an action which helps children to remember the appropriate grapheme/s.
One letter sound can be taught each day. Children should learn each letter by its sound, not its name. This will help in blending.
The letters aren't introduced in alphabetical order. The first group has been chosen because s, a, t, i, p and n make more simple 3 letter words than any other 6 letters.
Sounds that have more than one way of being written are initially taught in one form only. - 8How does a child learn letter formation and what problems is it important to look for?The letter c is introduced in the early stages as this forms the basic shape of some other letters such as d.
o - the pencil stroke must be anticlockwise
d - the pencil starts in the middle, not the top
m/n - there must be an initial downstroke on letter such as these - 9Why is cursive writing useful?It helps the fluency of writing and improves spelling when words are written in one movement.
- 10What tips do Jolly Phonics recommend for blending?Try little and often with words like b-u-s and c-a-t.
Children should sound out the digraph, not individual letters, where appropriate.
In a blend the 2 sounds can each be heard unlike in a digraph e.g: st vs sh.
Some words in English have an irregular spelling and can't be read by blending e.g: said, was, one. These are the tricky words. - 11How can I help my child identify sounds in words?Games like I-spy are ideal.
Listen for the start and end sounds of words as the middle sound is hardest to hear.
Say a word and tap out the sounds. Start with 3 letter words - 3 taps means 3 sounds.
Rhyming games, poems and Jolly Songs help tune the ears to word sounds.
Add and take away sounds e.g: what do I get if I add a p to the beginning of ink? What do I get if I take away p from pink? - 12How can my child learn tricky spellings?Look, cover, write and check.
Say it as it sounds e.g: say "was" to rhyme with "mass".
Mnemonics.
Use cursive writing. - 13How can storybooks help my child to read?The most important skills for a child will be comprehension and understanding after they become a fluent reader. This can be developed by asking a child questions about a story they've read.
Jolly Readers can help to provide a progression from the simple words to the harder ones.
The child will benefit greatly from a love of reading for pleasure. - 14What is the first letter group in Jolly Phonics?s, a, n, t, i, p
- 15What is the second letter group in Jolly Phonics?m, e, h, k, r, e, d, c
- 16What is the third letter group in Jolly Phonics?g, o, l, f, u, b
- 17What key skills are necessary for a child to understand reading?Need to know the reading direction, which requires physical co-ordination.
Have to recognise the shapes of letters and words. This is hard because some look similar, there are variations in print forms and upper and lower case complicate matters.
Learn that different graphemes correspond to the same phoneme e.g: Pete, feet, feat, encyclopaedia.
Learn that symbols represent sounds.
Recognise syntax.
Remember the first part of the sentence by the time they reach the end.
Understand textual signposts that help to maintain textual cohesion e.g: discourse markers etc. - 18Repeated epithetAn additional name tag, often an adjective e.g: Little Red Riding Hood. Sometimes epithets combine with other words to create new ways of looking at familiar ideas (epithet as metaphor) e.g: whale road to mean sea. This is one of the features borrowed from the oral tradition.
- 19AssonanceRepetition of the same vowel sound. This is one of the features borrowed from the oral tradition.
- 20Repeated formulaeCould be a repeated spell or sequence of events e.g: "Good grief!" said the goose.
"Well, well!" said the pig.
"Who cares?" said the sheep.
This is one of the features borrowed from the oral tradition. - 21Proverb or aphorismThis is a saying or a summary of some accepted wisdom e.g: never talk to strangers.
This is one of the features borrowed from the oral tradition. - 22Additive structureThe events of the story will tend to be linked using "and" and "but" rather than more complex structures using connective like "because" and "therefore". This is one of the features borrowed from the oral tradition.
- 23Rhythmic languageDoesn't necessarily refer to regular rhythms but emphasises some words over others, often using a combination of alliteration and parallel sentences. It's best appreciated when a text is read aloud. This is one of the features borrowed from the oral tradition.
- 24Visual cuesYou could argue that if the images are present and the child is reading fluently then these could be a cue that the child is using.
- 25Contextual cuesThe child placing the story into their own context and drawing on their own experiences. The child may be familiar with a particular topic and therefore be aware of words associated with it.
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- A Levels English Language (Language Acquisition) Flashcards on Reading key terms, created by Hazel Meades on 21/01/2015.
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- Hazel Meades
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