Flashcards
Child language acquisition
Cards in this deck (34)
- 1Features of language that adults use when talking to babies-Higher pitch
-Repetition
-Interrogatives and commands
-Use of simple and minor sentences
-Use of concrete nouns - 2ScaffoldingMaking language easier for children to understand to help them learn
- 3RecastingWhen an adult reuses a word from a child's utterance to show them how to use it correctly
- 4BabblingProcess of making sounds in preparation for language
- 5Timeline-0-6 months: 'Citizens of the world'
-6-8 months: Babbling
-8-18 months: One word stage
-18-24 months: Two word stage
-24-30 months: Telegraphic stage - 6Reduplicated monosyllableThe replication of single syllable utterances such as as ababababa
- 7Proto-wordA word that doesn't exist yet still has some meaning for the child
- 8Phonemic expansionWhen a child in the babbling stage experiments with the sounds available to them
- 9Under-extension-When a word is used too narrowly
- 10Over-extensionWhen a word is used too broadly
- 11HolophraseAn entire phrase represented by a single word
- 12Function wordA non-essential word that can be omitted from a sentence in the telegraphic stage
- 13Virtuous errorA logical speech error
- 14ReduplicationA phonological simplification where a child repeats the same pronunciation of a phoneme i.e dog as gog
- 15SubstitutionA phonological simplification where a child changes a hard phoneme for a softer phoneme
- 16DeletionWhere a child omits a phoneme
- 17When in the holophrastic stage how does a child make it clear what their message is?Through intonation, physical gestures and context
- 18Syntactic structures during telegraphic stage-Subject Verb Object - Tommy kick ball
-Subject Verb Compliment - Her looks happy
-Subject Verb Adverbial - Dolly eat good - 19PlosivesSimple consonants that are made by closing and releasing the airway in an explosive manner
E.g. P, B, K
Are easier than fricatives so come earlier - 20FricativesComplex sound made by creating a small gap and forcing air through it
E.g. Th, Z
Are more difficult than plosives so come later - 21BehaviourismSkinner
- 22NativismNoam Chomsky
- 23CognitivismPiaget
- 24Social interactionismVygotsky and Bruner
- 25Skinner theoryLanguage is viewed as a learnt behaviour. Children imitate their caregivers speech and then receive positive and negative feedback until they fully acquire the language.
- 26Evidence of Skinner's theorySkinner box shows behaviour can be learnt through positive and negative feedback
- 27Flaws in Skinner's theory-Argument from poverty of stimulus (how do children fully acquire a language when they receive incomplete data)
-Language also differs from other learnt skills as it's universal amongst humans - 28Chomsky theoryLanguage is biologically based and people are born with a language acquisition device that allows us to fully acquire a language.
- 29Evidence of Chomsky's theory-The Wug test
-FoxP2 gene
-The emergence of Nicaraguan sign language - 30Flaws in Chomsky's theory-It can't all be biologically based, some social interaction is needed
-Famously vague about where the LAD is located
-Chomsky has walked back on many of his original claims - 31Piaget'a theoryLanguage is just a part of wider cognitive development. Piaget argue's that children are naturally curious (little scientists) and drive their own learning, however are restricted by own cognitive development.
- 32SchemaAn ordered structure of knowledge about the world
- 33Piaget stages-Sensori-motor (0-2)
-Pre-operational (2-7)
-Concrete operational (7-11)
-Formal operational (11+) - 34—
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- A level English A level Flashcards on Child language acquisition , created by Stephen Edmond on 31/10/2019.
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- Stephen Edmond
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