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Flashcards

Bandura

Kelsie Hepworth Psychology AS level English 33 cards

Cards in this deck (33)

  1. 1Research methodLab experiment
  2. 2Research method strengthsThere are a lot of standardised procedures including that all of the children being irritated, and they stayed in the conditions for the same amount of time, this allows the researcher to control the extraneous variables and isolate the Iv
  3. 3Research Method WeaknessesThe use of a lab experiment mean that it is very artificial, This lacks ecological validity as the children are playing in an unknown room with a stranger creating an unrealistic event
  4. 4DesignMatched pairs- children were matched on regular aggression levels
  5. 5Design strengthsThis decreases the chance that the participant variables will effect the results and also reduces the chance of order affect as they will only be in one condition
  6. 6Design weaknessesIt is more time consuming as it is incredibly difficult to find perfect matches to compare
  7. 7IV'sThe condition (aggressive, non-aggressive and control)
    Sex of the model
    The sex of the child
  8. 8DV'sLevels of aggression (Imitative, partially imitative, non-imitative and non-aggressive )
  9. 9What controls were used?Matched pairs
    They were all fired up in the same way
    They spent the same amount of time in each room
    They used the same toys (potato print and stickers)
    They had standardised aggressive and non-aggressive behaviours for the models to use
    aggressive - 'pow' 'kick him'
    non-aggressive - 'He sure is a tough fella'
  10. 10Sample72 children from Stanford nursery school, split into 10 groups (36 girls, 36 boys aged 3-5)
  11. 11Sampling methodOpportunity sampling (assumption)
  12. 12Sampling method strengthMore convenient than using any other sampling method as the participants are readily available and you don't have to wait for volunteers
  13. 13Sampling method weaknessesLowers the population validity as all the participants are from the same school meaning that they will all probably have similar backgrounds, and live in the same area making it more ethnocentric
  14. 14Data collection method usedCovert structured observation
  15. 15Data collection methods strengthsAs the participants don't know that they are being watched you are more likely to get real behaviours as there is a lower chance of observer effect, this increases the validity as the children will be as aggressive as they would be if no one else is around displaying more natural behaviours
    The structured observation also increases reliability as it makes it easy to someone to redo the experiment for a retest
  16. 16Data collection method weaknessesDue to the intervals when recording the events some behaviours may be missed by the observer, It is also unethical as the observation is covert meaning the no consent was given to be observed as the children were unaware that it was happening, the observer was also the model in the condition which makes the research more unreliable as there is a chance of researcher bias
  17. 17Type of data collectedQuantitative data number of aggressive acts displayed
  18. 18Type of data collected strengthsIt is easier to compare the results between the children, and the groups, It is more objective as the results are not open to interpretation making it more scientific
  19. 19Types of data collected weaknessesThis is not very in-depth as we don't know why the children copied are didn't copy the models behaviour (Their mental process is how they made that decision )
  20. 20Snapshot or longitudinal;Snapshot
  21. 21Snapshot strengthsLess drop out rates as they are only doing one experiment and there is no long term commitment, less chance of researcher bias as the researcher doesn't have a chance to get to know the children personally
  22. 22Snapshot weaknessesThis only shows the initial imitative behaviours, we don't know how imitating things like aggression will effect the children in the long term or how long it lasts
  23. 23procedureBandura used 72 children from Stanford nursery school, they were spilt by gender and each gender had 5 groups : Aggressive model male, aggressive model female, non-aggressive model male, non-aggressive model female, control/no model
    The aggressive and non-aggressive groups went into phase one- spent 10 minutes in the condition with potato prints and stickers, the model comes in and plays with a tinker box
    In the aggressive condition they attack the bobo doll, toss it in the air, lie it on it's side and hit it with a mallet whilst saying (pow and kick him) all standardised with each child
    non-aggressive just plays with the box but the says 'he sure is a tough fella'
    Phase 2- 2 minutes with some attractive toys then told that the toys weren't for them (fire kids up)
    Phase 3 - 20 minutes in a room with toys including a mallet, bobo doll, dart gun, tea set
    psychologists were stood behind a one way mirror recording the behaviours, observed 240 behaviours =, every 5 seconds
  24. 24Key findingsChildren in the aggressive condition showed more physical and verbal aggression than the ones in the non-aggressive and control conditions
    They also showed more partial and non-imitative aggression, Children with the same-sex model showed more imitative behaviour
    boys showed more gun play, the results for girl imitation with same-sex model was not significant
    Boys were more aggressive overall
  25. 25ConclusionChildren will imitate aggressive/non-aggressive behaviours displayed by models, children learn behaviours through observation and imitation (SLT)
    Behaviour modelled by males was imitated more than females
    Boys and girls are more likely to learn verbal aggression by same-sex adults
  26. 26Internal reliabilityStandardised procedures eg time spent in each condition, behaviours displayed by the model, phrases said by the models. increased the internal validity as the experiences stayed the same for each of the participants,
    They standardised the way in which the imitative behaviour was measured ,using the same actions/phrases
  27. 27External reliabilityExternal reliability was high as it is a lab experiment with standardised procedures but it would be difficult to get similar participants as matched pairs design was used and all the participants came from the same school
  28. 28Internal validityHigh internal validity as they used standardised procedures to control the EV's and isolate the IV which shows that they are only measuring the effect of a model on aggressive behaviour.
  29. 29population validityThis decreases the external validity as the participants all went to the same nursery school and were most likely middle class having similar upbringings
  30. 30Ecological validityThis is low as the task and the environment in which is was carried out were very artificial, The children were playing with toys in an unfamiliar room with a stranger, who in one condition was acting very violent, this is an abnormal situation for a 3-5 year old to be in
  31. 31Temporal validityThis is quite high as children have evolved to lean through observing the adults in their lives as this is how they are socialised. But the behavioural differences between boys and girls is decreasing as the way in which we are socialised is changing
  32. 32Ethical issuesCovert observations are unethical as the children did not give consent to being observed also the violent behaviour observed by the children may have effected them in the long term
  33. 33Practical applicationThis has changed how society views aggression displayed on TV/in the media, parents want to keep their children away from aggressive TV shows and video games as they fear that it will corrupt then in some way/ they will imitate it
    This lead to the 9'oclock water gate

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AS level Psychology (Core studies ) Flashcards on Bandura, created by Kelsie Hepworth on 15/01/2020.
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Kelsie Hepworth
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