Flashcards
Observation- PI
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1What are the strengths and weaknesses of a Naturalistic Observation?STRENGTHS
-Observing natural ,genuine behaviour
-Less chance of demand characteristics
WEAKNESSES
-Ethical guidelines may be broken
-Demand characteristics if p's become aware they are being watched - 2What are the strengths and weaknesses of Controlled Observation?STRENGTHS
- Greater degree of control over the observation
- Less likely to break ethical guidelines
WEAKNESSES
- Greater chance of demand charcteristics
- Reduced ecologival validity if in an artificial loction - 3Strengths and Weaknesses of a Participant ObservationSTRENGTHS
- Able to monitor and record behaviour in close detail
- Less likely to miss things and less likely to be noticed as a researcher
WEAKNESSES
- Ethical guidelines may be broken
- Becoming a member of the group being observed may make the researcher more objective and may increase observer bias - 4Strength and Weakness of an Overt ObservationSTRENGTH - Less chance of breaking ethical guidelines
WEAKNESS-Greater chance of demand characteristics - 5Strength and Weakness of an Covert ObservationSTRENGTH- Less chance of demand characteristics
WEAKNESS- Could be breaking ethical guidelines - 6Strength and Weakness of Time SamplingSTRENGTH- Reduces the amount of time spent and may increase accuracy
WEAKNESS- Behaviour may be missed if time samples are limited - 7Strength and Weakness of Event SamplingSTRENGTH- Less chance of behaviour of interest being missed as you observe continuously
WEAKNESS- Might get difficult to record all specified behaviours for a continuous period of time as observers may get bored/distracted/tired - 8Tacit ConsentIt is assumed that consent would have been given had all the facts of the study been made clear to the participant
- 9Checking Validity of an Observation1) Compare your results to results conducted via another method e.g. self report
2) Ask people as well as watching them
3) Conduct a study using a Questionnaire - 10Improving Validity of an ObservationIf people are aware they are being watched their behaviour may be affected by social desirability or demand characteristics so ..
Conduct a covert/naturalistic Observation - 11Checking Reliability of an ObservationUse more Observers and compare your results
- 12Improving Reliability of an Observation1) Train observers beforehand on how to use the coding system
2) Clarify what the behavioural categories being used refer to and conduct a pilot study to test for agreement amongst observers - 13General Strengths of Observation1) Useful when researching children or animals
2)Observation can be used as a pilot study to generate ideas for an experiment
3) Behaviour can be observed in its usual setting and usually there is less chance of demand characteristics affecting results - 14General Weaknesses of Observation1) Observer Bias - researchers could make subjective recordings only seeing what they want to see
2) No explanation of behaviour is gained
3) Lack of control if in natural environment (difficult to replicate)
4) Ethical Problems of informed consent , debriefing and invasion of privacy
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- A level Psychology (PI Exam) Flashcards on Observation- PI, created by Demi Tymon on 04/03/2015.
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- Demi Tymon
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