Flashcards
Psychology - AS -Key Words
Cards in this deck (47)
- 1Ecological ValidityHow realistic it is (to life).
- 2Population ValidityTo what extent would your findings be appropiate to show to a wider group range.
- 3Independent Measures DesignSeperate groups containing different individuals.
- 4Matched Pairs DesignParticipants from two separate groups have been matched based on age, gender, ethnicity, ect.
- 5Repeated Measures DesignThe participants have been used more than once within a study.
- 6Constant MeasureTo keep an on-going consistency in the investiagtion.
- 7Independant Variable (IV)Anything that can manipulate the experiment.
- 8Dependent Variable (DV)The results of the independent variable.
- 9Leading questionA question which lead someone to certain answers.
- 10EthicsA conduct that mens the method of experimentation is morally correct.
- 11QuantitativeNumbers.
- 12QualitativeWords, specific observations.
- 13Control GroupA group in which all the variables are controlled/The group is not exposed to certain treatments. Normally used to compare groups with a experimental group.
- 14Experimental MethodManipulating one variable to see how it effects another variable.
- 15HypothesisA theory yet to be proven.
- 16Representative SampleChoosing a selection of people to represent society.
- 17Demand CharacteristicsAn answer that the participent thinks the observer anticipates/wants. Do not confuse with 'Social Bias' as you will lose marks.
- 18Social BiasParticipants answering a questionnaire or acting how they believe other think they should act. Trying to fit in (or out) of the norm.
- 19Null HypothesisX (IV) will have no effect on Y (DV) (or vice-versa).
- 20Alternative HypothesisThere will be an effect on X (IV) and therefore an effect on Y (DV).
- 21One Tailed HypothesisPredicting in a bias manner that the results will go in one direction.
- 22Two tailed hypothesisSimply stating that there is some kind of difference between two events but you are not sure what way the results will go (no bias towards a specific outcome).
- 23Unstructured InterviewNo pre-determined structure to the interview. Interviewerasks open-ended questions.
- 24Structured InterviewInterviewer has a pre-determined list of questions that are set and asked to every participant without change.
- 25Semi-structured InterviewThe interviewer may have a list of questions but will use answers from the participant to ask specific questions.
- 26Controlled ObservationControlling the location and the participants during the observation.
- 27Natural ObservationObserving participants in their natural enviroment (No control of what goes on).
- 28Participant ObservationThe observer takes an active role becoming a participating member of the natural or controlled enviroment.
- 29Overt ObservationThe participant knows they are being observed.
- 30Covert ObervationThe participant doesn't know they are being observerved.
- 31Unstructured ObservationThe observer notes down everything they see (i.e behaviour).
- 32Structured ObservationThe observer takes notes on a scheduled basis - observing certain aspects.
- 33Time SamplingHaving a set time to observe the participent.
- 34Event SamplingThe observer will be looking for behaviour change and tallying when the behaviour occurs in the subject.
- 35Social Learning MethodWe learn not only from direct reinforcement but also by immitation from others and their behaviour around us.
- 36Inter-rater Reliability (Inter-observer reliability)To what extent do two or more observers agree on the subject of observation and their findings.
- 37'Screw You Effect'Where the participant either does what they think is wanted of them during the experiment or the exact opposite.
- 38Split HalfComparing one half of an experiments results with the other half.
- 39Test-retestedGiving the same test to the same people at two different times and correlating their results. (A Repeated Measures Design)
- 40Extraneous VariableAn undesirable variable that influences the relationship between the variables you are examining in your experiment but has been successfully controlled.
- 41Confunding VariablesA type of extraneous variable where the vary of the Independant variables largely affect the outcome of the experiment and it's results.
- 42Systematic ErrorAn error that varies due to independant variables.
- 43Ethical IssuesFor a study to be ethical is must keep to the stirct guidline of the six ethical issues: Avoidence of psychological harm, Informed consent, right to withdrawal, no deception, Debrief and confidentiality/anonymity.
- 44ReliabiltyHow consistant are the results of study? Are you able to easily replicate the study and gain the same or similar results.
- 45ValidityWhether a study measures or examines what it claims to measure or examine.
- 46Order AffectsRefer to how the position of tasks can affect the results/how the participants respond to tasks.
- 47Fatigue EffectsParticipants becoming tired due to long-winded tasks or the time taken to do multiple tasks. This is normally seen alongside order affects.
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- A-Level Psychology (AS/Psychological Investigations) Flashcards on Psychology - AS -Key Words, created by Robyn Chamberlain on 20/09/2013.
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- Robyn Chamberlain
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