Flashcards
Memory Improvement Strategies
Cards in this deck (9)
- 1Narrative Chaining-Short stories that contain info that has to be remembered.
-The narrative puts the unorganised info into meaningful context.
-First item to be remembered connected to the second and so on through a story.
-Combining elements to be remembered, you end up with a 'chain' of info where an item is associated with another in a series. - 2Study + findings which suggests narrative chaining is effective:Bower and Clark:
-Asked participants to learn 12 lists of disconnected words.
-Each list containing 12 works -144 words all together.
-P's were either told to use the narrative method or where not given any special instructions.
-It was found that p's in the narrative group recalled an average of 94% of words.
-Non narrative method group recalled average of 14%. - 3Evaluate Bower + Clarke's study-Conducted in artificial setting of a laboratory therefore memory might be different in a natural environment.
-Laboratory experiment- High degree of control, can be replicated, accurate measures, no extraneous variables. - 4External Cues-Physical environment in which material is learnt.
-Research indicated that context-dependent cues facilitate recall. - 5Retrieval CuesPrompts that trigger recall
- 6Internal Cues-An individuals physiological state- affecting memory.
-Research suggests that recall of info is facilitated if people have a similar internal environment at recall when info was learnt. - 7Research for external cuesAbernethy
-Tested participants' recall using a mixture of familiar and unfamiliar instructors and teaching rooms.
-P's tested by a familiar instructor in familiar room performed best.
-P's tested by unfamiliar instructor in unfamiliar room performed worst.
-Suggesting that familiar external cues are used in improving recall + that the physical environment affects recall. - 8Research into internal cuesOverton
-P's who hid money whilst high on marijuana were more likely to recall the hiding place when in a similar drugged state.
-Supporting the idea of state-dependent cues being an aid in recall. - 9Method of Loci-Works by imagining a very familiar place.
-Each item to be remembered are places (pegged or hung) in different places in the location.
-you will pass the memories at different places.
-When you take the journey around the location you should remember, visually, the different things to remember.
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- Retrieval Cues, Method of Loci, Narrative Chaining, Acronyms.
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- f.n97
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