2556001
Description
Flashcards by Lolade Oresegun, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lolade Oresegun
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is Encoding? | Encoding is the process in which information changes to be stored in memory. |
| Types Of Encoding? | Visual, Acoustic & Semantic |
| Who Did The Study for Encoding and in what year? | Baddeley (1966) |
| What did Baddley do? | He gave participants lists of words that were acoustically and semantically similar or dissimilar. |
| What did Baddeley want to test for? | The effects of acoustic and semantic similarities on STM & LTM recall. |
| What were Baddeley's finding? | P's had difficulty remembering acoustically similar words in STM but not in LTM. Whereas semantically similar words were not a lot of problem for STM recall but were muddled up in LTM. |
| What is Capacity? | It is the amount of information that can be held in the memory |
| Who did the study on Capacity of STM? | Miller (1956) for STM |
| What did Miller do? And How many dots can people cope well with? | He reviewed psychological research and concluded that the span of immediate memory is 7. (People can cope well with no more than counting 7 dots flashing on a screen) |
| Miller's Findings? | People can recall 5 words as well as they can recall 5 letters because we chunk things together to help us remember |
| What is Chunking? | Chunking is when we group set of digits or letters into something meaningful |
| (Evaluation): How was Cowan's findings challenge Miller's finding? | Cowan(2001) concluded that STM may be more limited to about 4 chunks. So STM may not be as extensive as was originally thought. |
| What is the Capacity of STM? | 7 +/- 2 Chunks (Miller 1956) |
| What is the capacity of LTM? | LTM is thought to be unlimited |
| What is Duration? | Duration is how long information can stay in the memory before it it no longer available |
| Who did the Duration of LTM? | Bahrick (1975) |
| What did Bahrick do? | He asked people of various ages to name the faces of people in their high school year book. |
| What were Bahrick's findings? | 48 years on, people were about 70% accurate which suggest that LTM is long lasting. |
| What is the duration of STM? | Less than 30 seconds |
| What is the duration LTM? | Thought to be 30 seconds - a lifetime |
| Who did the study for the duration of STM? | Peterson & Peterson (1959) |
| What did Peterson & Peterson do? (How many participants, and what were they given) | They enlisted 24 university students and gave them consonant syllable and 3 numbers. |
| Example of a consonant syllable and 3 letters. | WRT 303 or an other letters & numbers that had no meaning. |
| What did the participants of Peterson & Peterson had to do and to stop what? | The participants had to count backwards from the given number in 3s or s until told to stop. Then they would recall the syllable. The counting was to stop rehearsal. |
| What many times did the participants of Peterson & Peterson's study had to do this? What were the different times they had to count backwards. | 8 times with each trial and the time spent counting backwards was different (3,6,9,12,18 seconds) |
| What were Peterson & Peterson's findings? | Participants remembered abut 90% in the 3 secs intervals and 2% in the 18 sec intervals. |
| What did Peterson & Peterson conclude about STM? | When rehearsal is prevented, SM lasts about 20 seconds at most. |
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