1.1 Lenin's Regime

Question	Answer
What type of government was Russia up to 1917? What did it mean?	An autocracy Only one person was in complete power
Who?	Tsar Nicholas II
What was the only way of replacing the Tsarist government?	A violent revolution
Why was Lenin sent into exile? Who did he then join?	Plotting against Tsar Social Democratic Party
What did Marx forecast?	Workers would stage a revolution against factory owners which would end class struggle
What was the name of Lenin's 1900 pamphlet? What did he suggest in it?	"What is to be done?" Small number of dedicated revolutionaries would start the revolution
What did the Russian Social Democrats divide into in 1903?	Bolsheviks (Lenin supporters) Mensheviks (those who did not)
Where was Lenin when the revolution came in 1917?	Switzerland
What happened in Russia in 1917?	Strikes and food riots began Nicholas abdicated
What was Duma? What did they do?	The Tzar's council They elected "Provisional Government" and declared a republic
Who helped Lenin return to Russia? What did Lenin hope?	Germans He would undermine the Provisional Government
What was his April Theses aimed at?	"All power to the soviets" "Peace, Bread, Land" designed to appeal to soldiers, peasants and workers
Who backed Lenin?	Leon Trotsky and Red Guards
What day did Bolsheviks and Lenin choose to seize power?	24 October Day before Congress of Soviets was due to meet
Where did Red Guards take over? What did Lenin become?	Winter Palace (Provisional Government offices) The new ruler of Russia
What did Lenin form?	Politburo (Cabinet) with Commissars (Ministers)
What was significant about this government?	First Marxist government in history
What 3 problems did they face?	They had to end war with Germany Set up a Marxist-style state Hold onto power against opponents
What did the Bolsheviks sign in March 1918?	Treaty of Brest Litovsk
What did Communists do after Lenin was shot and injured in 1918?	Launched reign of terror on their critics
What occurred during it?	New secret police, CHEKA, arrested and executed thousands Tsar and his family were murdered at this time
Who were "The Whites" made up of?	Tsarists, Social Revolutionaries, Mensheviks and others
What did Lenin harshly impose?	The economic system "War Communism"
What did this mean? What did this cause?	Red Guards went into country and seized grain from peasants without paying Peasants stopped growing food causing famine in 1920
How many died during the famine?	Millions
What did Lenin announce at 10th Party Congress?	War Communism to be replaced by New Economic Policy (NEP)
What had happened by 1928?	Russian economy had recovered
What was the country's name changed to in 1923?	Union of Soviet Socialist Republicans (USSR)
What did Lenin write before his death?	Testament He voiced his fears for the future of communist revolution and criticised Politburo members; mainly Stalin

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