Flashcards
Memory Psychology UNIT 1 As level
Cards in this deck (25)
- 1what's the Meaning of capacitythe amount of info that can be held in memory at any one time
- 2What's the meaning of durationthe length of time memories can be held
- 3Who proposed the MULTI STORE MODELAtkinson and shiffrin 1968
- 4what the duration, capacity and encoding of the STMduration- very limited 30 seconds
capacity- limited 7+/- 2 items
encoding- mainly acoustic - 5whats the duration, capacity and encoding of LTMduration- unlimited upto a lifetime
capacity- unlimited
encoding- mainly semantic (by meaning) - 6Evidence between LTM and STMGlanzer and Cunitz 1966
2 conditions- to recall words straight after then to recall after counting backwards for 30 seconds
Found words at beginning (LTM) were well recalled aswell as words at end of list (STM)
primacy and recency effect - 7Research into STM durationPeterson and Peterson 1959
presented trigram, asked to count backwards in 3's after time intervals. Able to recall around 80% after 3 seconds, then 10% after 18.
Found info decays quickly with lack of rehersal - 8research into LTM durationBahrick et al 1975
tested memory of 392 usa high school graduates. had to recognise pictures and put names and recall names with no pictures. worked well upto around 34 years. dip in performance after 47 years - 9STM Encoding researchConrad 1964
showed random sequence of 6 letters, acoustically similar and dissimilar. then asked t write down in correct order, majority of errors in similar words - 10LTM encoding researchBaddeley 1966
acoustically similar/dissimilar and semantically similar/dissimilar.
sequence of 5 words, then to 10
recall tested after 20 min interval
similar in meaning were poorly recalled - 11strengths and weaknesses-Important contribution to memory research
-distinction between STMd LTM
- over simplified
-doesn't take into account different things wehave to remember e.g. flash memory - 12Working memory model was composed byBaddeley and Hitch 1974
- 13What are the components of WMM-centeral executive: controls slave systems, limited capacity,picks relevnt info
- Phonological loop: inner voice, limited capacity, temp storage system for verb info
-Visuo-spatial sketchpad: inner eye, limited capacity, temp mem for holding visual info - 14strength and weakness of WMM- extreamly influential
-explains STM in both temp storage and active processing
-incorporates verbal rehersal
-applied to real life settings
-Vague on central executive - 15research into misleading EWT-Loftus and palmer 1974 (collided,smashed etc.)
-Loftus 1975 (control and experimental group) film of car accident, how fast was car going past barn/stop sign. 17% reported seeing a barn (experimental) 3%(control) - 16Anxiety on EWTLoftus 1979- weapon focus effect (lab experiment)
Christianson and Hubbinette-real bank robbers, bystanders and onse threatened - 17Age on EWTPoole and Lindsay 2001
children 3-8 at science demonstration
-difficult to eliminate extraneous variables and used children
Flin et al: children forget over time - 18Effects of daycare on social developmentAnderson, Campbell lamb and hwang, DiLallia
Field et al, Clarke and stuart - 19Learning theory of attachmentbased on feeding
Class- baby associated person feeding with pleasure of eating
Operant- mother is the positive reinforcement
Social learning- attachment my occur through observation
Can attach any time, no sensitive period - 20Research into privationkolochova twins and genie(Curtis)77
- 21Cognitive interview (Gielsman)Context Reinstatement
Report everything
Recall from dif perspective
Recall in reverse order - 22what did ainsworth mesureseparation anxiety
stranger distress
reunion behaviour
safe base
Type A-avoidant; ignored mother when left and returned, treated stranger similar
Type B- Secure-used mom as safe base for exploration, upset she left, joy on return, no easy comfort by stranger
Type C-ambivalent- upset mum left, worried about stranger,not settle when mum returned - 23Evolutionary explanation of attachmentJohn bowl by- attachments are instinctive innate behaviours, way of survival
Babies losses social emitters
Monotropy: one attachment figure is main and most important
Sensitive period: 6months to 3 years
Internal working model: tells child how loveable they are and trustworth other people
Continuity hypotheses: attachments formed as child will affect child's later relationships - 24Cultural variation met analysis32 strange situation studies world wide
Uk= highest secure 75%
Israel- highest type C29%
Germany-highest type A-35%
VAN IJZENDOORM N KROONENBUERG'88 - 25Disruption of attachmentRobertson and Robertson '69
Case study on naturally seperTed children for short periods of time 1940/50's
PROTEST
DISPAIR
DETACHMENT
after separation ended, some children carried on showing signs of short term sepeation
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- Flashcards on Memory Psychology UNIT 1 As level, created by Kathy G on 04/05/2015.
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- Kathy G
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