Flashcards
Medical Ethics
Cards in this deck (49)
- 1What does 'sanctity of life' mean?It is the belief that life is holy and sacred and belongs to God. It can be used to apply to a lot of moral issues.
- 2What are the 5 beliefs that 'The Scarcity of Life' contain?- life is God given
- human life is precious
- all human life deserves respect
- God has a plan for everyone
- life should not be destroyed - 3What is fertility treatment?Medical interventions to help a couple conceive naturally
- 4What is IVF?In Vitro Fertilisation
The egg is fertilised outside of the womb, embryo is then placed inside the womb to grow. - 5What is fertility treatment?A method that helps a couple to have children who would otherwise be unable to conceive.
- 6What is AID?Artificial Insemination by Donor
Sperm is collected and placed into the uterus artificially. The sperm is from a sperm donor.
-the law has resulted in only 10 children coming from one donor
- some same sex couples buy sperm from donors online - 7What is AIH?Artificial insemination by Husband
Sperm is collected and placed into the uterus artificially. The sperm is from the husband. - 8What do Christians believe about AID?Roman Catholics don't approve as it brings a 3rd party into the relationship with is considered as adultery.
Protestants say life is a wonderful gift and therefore accept it. - 9What do Christians believe about AIH?It is a simple procedure which has a high success rate. All Christians accept and encourage as there is no ethical or moral problems.
- 10What do Christians believe about IVF?The Catholic church do not accept this as a embryo life can be destroyed. "a baby is a baby from the moment of conception"
Protestant Churches accept as some embryos can go to research.
Creating and giving life is the most precious thing
Spare embryos can be frozen; used later; donated to medical science and experimented on for 14 days; donated to a couple or destroyed - 11What does the Bible say about fertility treatment?Fertility treatment is not mentioned in the Bible because this was not possible at the time the Bible was written and so Christians refer to The Sanctity of Life.
- 12What do some Christians disagree with fertility treatment?- In the Bible, if someone cannot have children, it was believed to be God's decision;
'Hannah womb was close to her.' Samuel
She accepted this as part of God's plan and therefore, it could be argued to be playing God.
- IVF also creates 'spare' embryos which are usually destroyed after one is implanted. All embryos are worthy of life and should not be destroyed. - 13Why do some Christians agree with fertility treatment?- Not being able to have children makes people unhappy, and the treatment can be used to help them. It is a good way of showing agape (love for everyone), and Jesus taught 'love thy neighbour'
- Also, God commanded humans to 'go forth and multiply' and fertility treatment enables a lot of people to do so - 14What is DNA cloning?multipul identical copies made from DNA sequences
- 15What is reproductive cloning?Used to reproduce an animal that has the same DNA as another. The animal is cloned from a cell of another animal. The genetic material is from a donor animal and transferred into the egg. - Dolly the Sheep is a example of this type of cloning
- 16What is therapeutic cloning?Also called embryonic cloning, the product of human embryos is used to gather stem cells to use in research in human development
- 17Are we playing God?Christians argue and say that we are part of God's plan and that God gave us the ability/ enabled us to develop our medical knowledge. He allowed this to happen and so that is what God wants.
- 18What is surrogacy?-It is illegal in the UK and all Christian churched are against it.
-People can carry babies for other people.
-Many homosexuals will go to America where they have a better opportunity to find a surrogate. - such as Elton John
- In the UK the women who give both are the legal mother and can keep the child.
- She would have to put it up for adoption so the couple can look after it. - 19What is the definition of abortion?Premature explusion of a foetus
- 20What are some reasons for abortion?- lack of money
- unwanted
- too old or young
- rape
- mistake
cannot be looked after
-career - 21Name some laws that enable abortion to happen- abortion because legal in the Uk in 1967
- in 1990 the age limit change that meant you can have abortion upto 24 weeks, the age of viability
-2 doctors must sign the certificate to able the procedure to happen
- if the mother is at risk then abortion can occur after 24 weeks - 22When does life begin? (Three different opinions)1) Life begins at birth - when the baby has drawn its first breath
2) Life begins at viability - when it could survive outside of the womb (21 weeks old)
3) Life begins at conception - when the egg is fertilised (Catholics believe this is when we get a soul) - 23How does the Bible reject abortion?There are no mentions in the Bible so many refer to The Sancity of Life
'The Lord said to me, "I chose you before I gave you life, and before you were born". Jeremiah - 24Why do the Ten Commandments disagree with abortion?'Do not commit murder' Exodus 20:13
- 25What do Catholics believe about abortion?All life is sacred.
They believe abortion to be unacceptable under nearly all circumstances because everyone has a right to life. Catholics only allow abortion when necessary to save the life of the mother. "abortion is an abomination" - 26What do the Church of England say about abortion?The Church of England denomination are generally against abortion, unless in the case of;
- disability of child
- rape
- mother's life at risk - 27What does the Methodist Church say about abortion?It may be lesser of two evils
- 28What is Pro Life?- the anti abortion movement supporting the opinion that abortion is wrong.
- believers think even an unborn child has rights and so it's murder
- believe the law should protect a unborn child and so it is a crime
- but abortion can be acceptable in certain conditions such as rape - 29What is Pro Choice?- the view that women should be able to decide whether or not to have an abortion and therefore shouldn't be laws to prevent it from happening.
- 30What is suicide?The deliberating taking of life which can be seen as a cry for help.
- 31What are some reasons for suicide?- depressed
- ill
- bullying
- abuse
- financial issues - 32What are the attitudes towards suicide?- Today we are more aware of the metal illness and realise if someone is considering suicide then they need support.
- 33What are the Christian attitudes to suicide?- In the past it was a serious crime and in the Church is was considered as a sin.
- Christians aren\t in favour of suicide and would never encourage it. They would encourage someone to seek help through the Church of The Samaritan. - 34What would a Christian say to someone who is considering suicide?- life is a test
- suffering brings you close to God, if you commit suicide you neglect the opportunity
- self murder is forbidden - 10 commandments
- The samaritans
- God is the giver and taker - 35What is the Samaritans?A organisation run by volunteers set up to help those who feel that suicide it their only option
- 36Basic facts about the Samaritans- set up in 1953 by a vicar Chad Varah - London
- he held a funeral remembering a 14 year girl who committed suicide after believing her period was an embarrassing disease
- he was moved and set up an organisation to provide support and help to those in need
- it is a world wide organisation available 24/7 - 365 days a year
- puts golden rule into practice
- people contact them thought various ways and the individual finds the answers themselves with the guidance of a volunteer
- it is estimated the volunteers would receiver £12 million a year - 37What is euthanasia?Means 'good death'. Commonly associated with mercy killing or assisted suicide.
- 38Name the 4 types of euthanasia.Active, passive, voluntary and involuntary
- 39What is voluntary euthanasia?The person needs to be helped to commit suicide
- 40What is involuntary euthanasia?The person cannot make the decision themselves, so it is made by the doctors and the person's family.
eg) turning off a life support machine - 41What is active euthanasia?A direct act taken with the intention of ending someone's life
eg) lethal injection - 42What is passive euthanasia?When nothing is done to save a life or treatment id stopped so death will come quickly
- 43Why is euthanasia a problem?In some cases euthanasia is not about killing someone but deciding whether to keep someone alive.
The question that is needed to be considered is 'what is the quality of life?' as it can vary from person to person of ability, independence and pain - 44Euthanasia in the law- in 1961 suicide became legal but still made offensive and skill against the law aid, abet, council or precure such an act
- anyone who helps someone end a life and at risk of being charge with murder or man slaughter
- passive euthanasia many be allowed but only with permission of the court. - 45What are the Christian beliefs about euthanasia?- life is a gift so we must protect it
- God has a plan
- suffering brings us closer to God, growing spiritually
- Sanctity of Life
- Golden Rule - 46Alternatives to Euthanasia- The Hospice movement
- or other voluntary organisations which specifically are to help terminally ill people and their families - 47The Hospice Movement- A world wide organisation for anyone
- it is voluntary and not funded by the NHS
- it caters for people who are terminally ill and looked after by medical staff
- it was funded by a Christian looking for an alternative compassionate way of euthanasia - to be able to manage their death in dignity - 48What do Christians believe about animal testing (vivisection)?Nearly all Christians agree that animals should not be used for research into cosmetics, as it does not benefit humans. It can be argued that most cosmetics are unneeded as we are created in God's image and are flawless and perfect without the use of cosmetics. However, there are differing opinions on the use of animals in medical research.
Other Christians believe that the research is from vivisection is vital into gaining knowledge necessary for human survival and expansion. - 49Why are animals not considered as important as humans?- Humans were given dominion over the earth, so we are entitled to use animals in any way we want
- humans have soul and reason and animals don't
- but we should use but not abuse
Information
- Description
- GCSE Philosophy and Ethics Flashcards on Medical Ethics, created by alice.broad on 08/05/2015.
- Created by
- alice.broad
- Views
- 1
- Rating