Flashcards
The Middle East
Cards in this deck (69)
- 1When was Saddam Hussein involved in overthrowing the Monarchy?-He was involved in throwing the Monarchy in 1958.
- 2What did he personally gain from that?-Gained trust from people
-Showed his capacities - 3What happened in the coup?Baathists seized the state
- 4When was Saddam involved in the coup?-1968
- 5What did he do in the coup?-He removed military officers
- 6How did the coup benefit him?-He became vice president
- 7When was the oil industry nationalized in Iraq?In 1972.
- 8What did that mean?Government had control of 100% of the oil revenues.
The economy was highly recovered - 9How did it impact the income of Iraq?The income increased from ½ billion in 1972 to 26.5 billion in 1980
- 10What did Saddam do about healthcare?-Created the most modern public health system (was recognized by other countries)
- 11What did the public health system he created do to his support?It raised his popularity and support
- 12How much did Iraq spend on the military in 1982?3 billion.
- 13Why did he spend so much on the military?-Keep the military happy.
-Help him to rise to power. - 14How did the government help people with their daily expenses?-The government paid subsidies.
- 15How did the subsidies affect Saddam’s popularity?They increased his popularity
- 16When did Saddam become the president of Iraq?1979
- 17When did Saddam run the secret police?1963
- 18How did running the secret police affect Saddam’s ruling style?-Gained experience
-Knew how to treat opposition - 19When did Saddam kill 500 members of his own party?1979
- 20What did this say about him?-Skilful in exploiting rivalries.
-Harsh ruler - 21How many people were killed in Saddam’s show trials?Killed 21
- 22What did the show trials show about him?Showed his true capacities
- 23Iran revolution:Iran revolution:
- 24How much did the Shah spend on a celebration?330 million
- 25What did this show about him?This showed that the Shah was corrupt and unequal in his treatment
- 26How many people did the Shah arrests, torture and execute?Thousands.
- 27What did his show about the Shah?Showed brutality and prosecution
- 28What did this lead to?This led to protests in 1978.
- 29How many people were killed in these protests?500 people were killed.
- 30What did the protests show?People were angry + rising opposition to the Shah and his regime
- 31What happened to the military in 1979?The military stopped following orders.
- 32What happened when the military stopped following the orders?The Shah leaves.
- 33Who’s the new leader?Ayatollah Khomeini
- 34Iran – Iraq warIran – Iraq war
- 35How much of the Iraq population was Shia?60%
- 36Why was Saddam scared of this?He was scared that the Shiites would overthrow his government.
- 37What did he want to do about it?He wanted to remove the inspiration of the Shite.
- 38What does Saddam accuse Iran of?He accuses Iran of supporting Shite revolutions.
- 39What does this do to the tensions between Iraq and Iran?Tensions increase
- 40What does Saddam plan to do?Plans on overthrowing the regime of Khomeini.
- 41Why was this possible?US cut relations with Iran + mil. Instability because 8000 of their officers were killed.
- 42What piece of land was next to Iraq and was rich in oil?Kuzentan
- 43Why did Iraq want to take this piece of land?It was a source to improve economy + opportunism
- 44When did the invasion happen?1980
- 45When did the troops invade and how many of them invaded?September 1980, 45000 Iraqi troops invade Iran.
- 46What did the Iraqis do to key population centres?They attacked them with Missiles.
- 47What were the consequences of the war Saddam launched?-One million Iranians were dead
-Half a million Iraqis died.
-400 Billion in damage. - 48What happened to the price of oil by 1986?Drops by 50%
- 49How was the economy damaged after the war?Iraq was eighty million dollars in debt
Price of oil fell back to 10$ - 50How was Saddam damaged by the war?He lost popular legitimacy.
- 51How strong was Iraq’s military after the war?4th strongest in the world.
- 52What could he do with the army?He could use it to steal goods from other countries.
- 53Why was he worried about the army?He was worried about being overthrown.
- 54Us involvementUs involvement
- 55How did the US help Iraq in the war?It kept them informed of Iranian movement through satellites.
- 56Why did the US help them?It did not want one power to control most of the oil in the gulf
It was scared that Iran was getting too much power. - 57How many people were being held hostage in the American ambassy in Iran?Fifty Americans
- 58How long were they held hostage for?444 days.
- 59The first gulf warThe first gulf war
- 60When and how many soldiers invaded Kuwait?August 1990, 300 000 Iraqi soldiers invades Kuwait.
- 61What problems was Iraq facing at the time?Economic problems
-Military problems: too many soldiers that could overthrow Saddam .
-Saddam thought that US military will not get involved. - 62How many countries came to the rescue?34 countries
- 63How many soldiers did they have combined?700 000 soldiers
- 64What were their demands?-Ask Saddam to surrender and remove Iraqi oil from Kuwait.
- 65When did the air campaigns start?January 17th 1991.
- 66How much did the air campaigns destroy?200 tanks + a lot of infrastructure.
- 67What did this do to Iraq?Destroyed their defences. + Destroyed their transportation + forced it to retreat
- 68What was the US now scared about?It was scared that Iraq might seize the Saudi oil fields which were the biggest in the world.
- 69What were the consequences of all this on Iraq?-Water treatment destroyed
-UN imposed trade sanctions on Iraq.
-10 000 Iraqi soldiers were killed while leaving.
-Iraqi people suffered 250 000 – 500 000 children were dead.
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- Easy History Flashcards on The Middle East, created by Mohamed Iyed Mansour on 30/04/2021.
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- Mohamed Iyed Mansour
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