Flashcards
CLA Keywords
Cards in this deck (84)
- 1Syntaxword order/ sentence structure
- 2Saussureswiss linguist
discovered arbitrary nature of language - 3Fox P2genetic mutation in humans: the reason we can speak and chimps cannot
- 4CLAchild langage acquisition
- 5Phonologystudy of sound in language
- 6Phonemeunit of sound
- 7Phoneticslanguage as a series of sounds
- 8IPAinternational phonetic alphabet
- 9Diphthongsextended vowel sounds where the tongue travels from one place to another in the process of articulation
- 10Plosivessmall explosion in the mouth, using lips and can't be extended
- 11Fricativessounds created by slow and controlled release of air through mouth, creating friction
- 12Stage Onecrying
- 13Stage Twocooing (oo, aa)
- 14Stage Threebabbling (CVCV: gaga, baba)
- 15Phonemic Expansionearly development allowing the child to increase variety of sounds
- 16Phonemic Contractionreducing sounds to only those those needed for own language
- 17Deletiondelete first/last sound and swap other around (thin/thing, ma/mat)
- 18Substitutionfind fricatives harder to say than stop sounds (zoo/doo, dip/zip)
- 19CCRconsonant cluster reduction: difficult to produce clusters to reduce to smaller units (pigit/piglet, back/black)
- 20Assimilationsome sounds change because of other sounds around them (babbit/rabbit, darden/garden)
- 21Syllable Deletionstarting word with stressed syllable (nana/banana, tending/pretending)
- 22Addition and Reduplicationrepetition of particular sounds (doggie/dog, choo choo)
- 23Holophrastic Phraseproto-word used to mean what would require multiple words (juice/ give me juice)
- 24Prosodic Featuresstress/tone/...
- 25Paralinguistic Featurespointing/nodding/...
- 26Stage Fourproto-words
invented but consistent meaning, meaning clear to child and carer, may have error - 27Stage Fiveholophrases
one word utterances developing with or after stage 4, express whole new idea in single word - 28Whole Object Assumptionsingle nouns, fix on noun before other elements
- 29Jean Aitchisondescribed stages of CLA (labelling, packaging, networking)
- 30Labelling Stageby Aitchison
fix particular sounds to particular meanings
first stage
(learns word of horse from book) - 31Overextensionapplying to life too much
(every bird is a duck) - 32Packaging Stageby Aitchison
package meanings together, use overextension
second stage
(applies word to horse in field, horse as cows and zebras) - 33Networking Stageby Aitchison
can differentiate between all
third stage
(difference between cow/horse/zebra) - 34Katherine Nelsonstudied daughter Rachel
found first 50 words
60% nouns
verbs second largest - 35Hypernymsgeneral word
(clothes) - 36Hyponymsspecific term
(t-shirt) - 37Michael Hallidayfound 7 main functions that language has for children
- 38Instrumentalfunction
uses to express a need
(want juice) - 39Regulatoryfunction
to tell others what to do
(go away) - 40Interactionalfunction
to make contact with others + form relationships
(love you, mummy) - 41Personalfunction
used to express feelings, opinions and individual identity
(me good girl) - 42Heuristicfunction
to gain knowledge - 43Imaginativefunction
to create something - 44Representationalfunction
to convey facts/info - 45B.H. Skinnercreated the behaviourist theory
- 46Behaviourist Theorylisten, learn, repeat with pos/neg reinforcement
children can reach same milestones at same age
EVIDENCE: parental belief they influence CLA, difference in child levels of lang skills, fits with view of adaptation to environment (nurture) - 47The Wug ExperimentJean Berko
tested innate knowledge, child has innate knowledge of lang but need to be taught exceptions in basic rules
knew normal plurals well but not the exceptions - 48Virtuous Errorchild applies rule incorrectly but good error to learn from
- 49Noam Chomskyamerican linguist who discovered nativism
- 50Nativismlang happens in innate brain mechanism, pre-programmed with ability to develop grammatical structures
EVIDENCE: speed which they learn language, mistakes show not copying, humans can but other species can't - 51LADlanguage acquisition device
- 52Slot and Frameword classes having different sites in a sentence (links to syntax)
- 53Syntactical Frameswhere is the x
I want x
x is here - 54Inflectionsadd things on the end of words to show tense/number (go/gone)
- 55Empiricalevidence to support the theory
- 56Bard and Sachsstudy of Jim
had deaf parents but could hear, put in front of TV/radio, frequent language input, progress limited until speech therapist - 57LASSlanguage acquisition support system
- 58CDSchild-directed speech
shortening lang, act out,, higher pitch, speaking slower - 59Convergencecopying words used by the child
- 60Divergencespeaking in own 'adult talk'
- 61Jerome Brunerdiscovered interactionism
- 62Interactionismbuilt on ideas of behaviourism, learnt social practicalities and communication through language, social aspects through playing
- 63Speech Therapyfinds specific issues w/ pronunciation, syntax, ability to converse
explores background w/ phys/social/psych issues
explains linguistic theories for issues and gives advice - 64Jean Piagetdiscovered cognitivism
swiss psychologist - 65Cognitivismchild had to be mentally ready for a word (understands time before tense, self before pronouns)
- 66Sense of Self1- ego centric, can't process things outside of immediate surroundings
2- 18 months, can see things separate from themselves
3- memories form and child understands abstract concepts like past/present - 6712-18 Monthsone word stage/ holophrastic
V O - 6818-24 Monthstwo words
simple structure
VS VO SO - 6924-36 Monthstelegraphic stage
3 more words joined in complex
SVO SVC SVA - 70S V O C Asubject
verb
object
complement
adverbial - 71Internationooh! aah!
- 72Primary Auxiliary Verbs(helping)
to be (am, are, was, were) to have (has, had) to do (does, did) - 73Lexical Verbs(actions)
going, pointing, made, found, want - 74Complementproviding more information about the subject
- 75Adverbialcircumstances of actions (where/when/how)
- 76Abstract Nounsthings you can't touch (happiness, peace)
- 77Concrete Nounsthings you can touch (book, table)
- 78Modal Auxiliary Verbsattitudes/mood about something
can/could
must/should
may/might
will/would - 79Pronounsrefers to people (I, you) or to someone or something mentioned somewhere else (she, it, this)
- 80Adjectivesword naming attribute of noun
- 81Adverbsmodifies meaning of word, expressing place/time/degree (modifies whole sentences)
- 82Prepositionsgoverns and precedes word to express relation to another word in clause
- 83Determinersmodifying word that determines kind of reference noun or noun group
- 84Conjunctionsword to connect clause/sentence
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- old Flashcards on CLA Keywords, created by Ki Rai on 07/11/2015.
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- Ki Rai
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