Flashcards
Chemistry Pt5
Cards in this deck (31)
- 1CarbohydratesCarbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen - 2CarbohydratesEnergy- Use/storage
- 3Monosaccharides areAka "Simple sugar"
- simplest form of a carbohydrate
Primary fuel for the body
Contains 3-7 carbon atoms in a chin/ring - 4Monosaccharides examplesHexose (6 carbons) = glucose
Pentose (5 carbons) = used in RNA/DNA - 5Disaccaridestwo monosaccharides joined together
example: sucrose (table sugar) - 6DisaccharidesWater is created during this reaction= "dehydration synthesis" - combination of two or more simple materials to form one or more complex materials by removing water
- 7DisaccharidesWhen a disaccharide is decomposed it need water= "hydrolysis" -breaking down more coplex materials by adding water
- 8PolysaccharidesCombination of many monosaccharides= all joined by dehydration synthesis.
Used for structure or fuel for energy.
AKA: Complex Carbs - 9Polysaccharide ExamplesGlycogen- stored glucose in muscle/liver
Starch- stored glucose for plants
Cellulose- Structural support for plants - 10LipidsMade of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, (sometimes phosphorus)
Uses for: Provide energy and store energy
Classes: neutral fats, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids - 11Natural FatsAKA "triglycerides" or "fats"
Hydrophobic
Components: 3 fatty acids; chain of carbon atoms with one to two hydrogens atoms
Glycerol: 3-carbon simple sugar - 12Natural fatsSaturated fatty acids: solid at room temperature= animal fats, only single bonds
Unsaturated fatty acids: oil at room temperature= plant-based fats, contain double bonds - 13PhospholipidsMake up the cell membrane
Contains: Glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acids, phosphate group - 14SteroidsLipids that take form of 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings, different steroids= different functional groups
Backbone precursor: Cholesterol - 15EicosanoidsHormone-like compounds made of fatty acids
-Prostaglandins= mediates inflammation
-Thromboxane= mediates platelet function
-Leukotrienes= medicates bronchoconstriction/increased muses production - 16ProteinMost abundant organic molecule in the body
Composed of Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Some contain sulfur, Iron, or Phosphorus - 17Building blocks of proteinAmino acids: 21-ish different amino acids
All have same basic structure; Amino group, Carboxyl group, and side chain (R)= defines each amino acid - 18Amino AcidsCan be linked together many different ways to form proteins
-Specific combination= ordered by the cell's DNA
-100+ amino acids= a protein - 19Structure of protein4 levels; Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
Shape directly determines the protein's function. - 20Primary StructureSequence and number of amino acids in the chain
- 21Secondary StructureThe natural bend of the peptide bonds
Most common: Alpha-helix= spring-shaped, Beta-pleated sheet= accordion-shaped - 22Tertiary StructureOverall shape of a single molecule; will fold over on itself:
Shields the hydrophobic amino acids from the water
Outer layer is hydrophilic and allows protein to be water soluble - 23Quaternary StructureTwo or more protein chains join to form a macromolecule
- 24Structural ProteinsStable, rigid, water-insoluble
Adds strength to tissues or cells
Examples: collagen, fibrin, keratin - 25Functional ProteinsWater-soluble, can change shape
AKA "globular proteins"
Ex: Hemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes (catalysts) - 26Nucleic acidsLargest molecules in the body
Composed by: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphate
"Nucleotides": building blocks of nucleic acids - 272 Classes of Nucleic acidsDNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; double-helix
RNA: Ribonucleic acid; Single strand - 28NucleotidesAll have same basic structure; Nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar (pentose), phosphate group
Named by their nitrogenous base; Adanine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil- RNA only, Thymine- DNA only - 29NucleotidesForm nucleic acid by joining in long chains
A group of three nucleotides is the code for a specific amino acid
Ex: Adenine + Guanine + Thymine= Amino acid alanine - 30ATPATP is an RNA nucleotide
Regular nucleotide +Adenine + 2 extra phosphate groups
Energy needed by the body is stored in the phosphate high-energy bonds of ATP
When these bonds break= energy is released - 31—
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- Veterinary Medicine Flashcards on Chemistry Pt5, created by Brianna may on 18/11/2024.
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- Brianna may
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