Flashcards
Poisonous Plants
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1—Brackenfern
RUMINANTS: ptaquiloside
-Aplastic anemia
-Carcinogen -> ileum/colon in cattle; adenocarcinoma of urinary bladder in cattle; fibrosarcomas & oral & ruminal SCC in sheep
-Bright blindness in sheep
HORSES: thiaminase
-Fern staggers - 2Describe aplastic anemia in ruminantsETIOLOGY: brackenfern (ptaquiloside)
-Prolonged ingestion (usu. >1 mo)
-Sudden onset of disease
CLINICAL SIGNS:
-Listless
-Mucoid nasal discharge, +/- bloody
-Febrile
-Hemorrhages (epistaxis, mucous membranes, urine/feces/milk)
-Lameness (hemorrhages in joints)
-Roaring in young cattle
DIAGNOSIS:
-Thrombocytopenia
-Leukopenia w/ severe neutropenia
-Defective clot retraction
-Necropsy (hemorrhages, pale carcass, bone marrow hypoplasia)
TREATMENT:
-Abx
-Blood transfusion
-Remove bracken from diet - 3Describe bright blindness in sheepETIOLOGY: brackenfern (ptaquiloside)
-Usually >2 yrs old
CLINICAL SIGNS:
-Trouble following flock
-High-stepping gait
-Dilated pupils w/ poor light reflex
DIAGNOSIS:
-Irreversible retinal degeneration (ophtho exam)
-Leukopenia
TREATMENT:
-None - 4Describe fern staggers in horsesETIOLOGY: brackenfern, horsetail, scouring rush (thiaminase)
-Prolonged ingestion in hay
CLINICAL SIGNS:
-Thin body condition w/ normal appetite
-Bradycardia w/ arrhythmias
-Slight incoordination -> drag rear toes, basewide on turns (ddx: wobbler's, EPM)
-Neuro progression -> basewide stance, staggering, weaving, muscle tremors, paresis (ddx: rabies, West Nile, EEE)
-Recumbency, clonic spasms
-Elevated pulse & temperature
DIAGNOSIS:
-Low blood thiamine
-Elevated blood pyruvates
TREATMENT:
-Thiamine 5 mg/kg SID if animal still standing
-Correct diet - 5—Horsetail
HORSES: thiaminase
-Fern staggers
- 6—Scouring rush
HORSES: thiaminase
-Fern staggers
- 7—White & yellow sweet clover
CATTLE: coumarin converted by molds to dicoumarol --> vit. K antagonism
-Inability to clot
- 8Describe white & sweet clover toxicityETIOLOGY: moldy sweet clover hay
-Mold converts coumarin to dicoumarol --> vit. K antagonism --> interferes w/ prothrombin formation --> inability to clot
CLINICAL SIGNS:
-Extensive hemorrhages
-Large hematomas
-Stiffness, reluctance to move
-Anemia, tachycardia
-Bloody milk
-Can bleed to death after dehorning/castration
DIAGNOSIS:
-Clinical signs
-Coagulation testing
TREATMENT:
-Correct diet
-Minimize handling, potential trauma
-Vitamin K1 at 1.1 mg/kg
-Whole blood transfusions - 9—Veratrum - false hellebore
SHEEP: cyclopamine alkaloid
-Cyclopia, limb defects, monkey-faced lambs, tracheal stenosis, cleft palate, no pituitary gland
- 10Describe Veratrum (false hellebore) toxicityGEOGRAPHIC RANGE: montane west
ETIOLOGY: cyclopamine alkaloid
-Exposure of pregnant ewe on day 14
CLINICAL SIGNS:
-Cyclopia
-Shortened premaxilla, distorted upper jaw
-Proboscis above eyes
-Cleft palate
-Shortened long bones
-Tracheal stenosis
-Pituitary malformation -> dystocia (fetal oversize)
-Early embryonic death
PREVENTION:
-Avoid using mountain pastures
-Do not breed until frost kills plant
-Separate rams - 11—Lupine
CATTLE: anagyrine alkaloid
-Crooked calf disease
SHEEP: neurologic disease
- 12Describe crooked calf diseaseETIOLOGY: lupines
-Anagyrine alkaloid in early growth & mature seeds
-Also toxic in hay
GEOGRAPHIC RANGE:
-Western US
CLINICAL SIGNS:
-Arthrogryposis -> rigid joints, weakened muscles, limb deformities
-Dystocia
-Torticollis
-Scoliosis, kyphosis
-Cleft palate
PREVENTION:
-Prevent cows from grazing at 40-70 days gestation
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- NAVLE Veterinary Medicine Flashcards on Poisonous Plants, created by Danielle Keerbs on 03/08/2025.
- Created by
- Danielle Keerbs
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