GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Social Psychology Final Exam

Courtney Judd English 51 cards

Cards in this deck (51)

  1. 1What are social norms and how are they formed?-A generally accepted way of feeling, thinking, or acting.
    -Can be formed by smaller groups, and are group-specific.
  2. 2What are the two types of social norms?Descriptive
    Injunctive
    *They can either be different or the same.
  3. 3What are descriptive norms?What people actually think, feel, or do.
    Ex. We actually treat people different based on various things.
  4. 4What are injunctive norms?What people think you should think, feel, or do.
    Ex. We should treat everyone equally.
  5. 5What reason do people have for conforming?-Gaining acceptance
    ex. Ashe's Line Experiment
    -You actually believe what the group is doing is right.
    Ex. Sheriff's Conformity Experiment.
  6. 6What is Sheriff's Conformity Experiment?People came to his lab and performed a task.
    Asked to gauge how much distance a dot had traveled on a screen.
    Afterward he brought people in groups of 3 and had them do the same thing.
    Now they all answered more similarly than before.
  7. 7What are the two types of conformity?-Public Conformity
    -Private Conformity
  8. 8What is public conformity?When your overt behavior matches the social norm, but your actual attitude toward the social norm isn't that social norm.
    Ex. Rooting for a college team you don't typically root for because you are in their team section.
  9. 9What is private conformity?True conformity; When you conform even when no one else is around.
    Ex. Rooting for Virginia Tech football games, and still watching the game on TV and root for them when it is raining and no one is around.
  10. 10What was the BoBo Doll Experiment and who conducted it?-Albert Bandura
    Children that had watched an adult beat up a doll were more likely to act violently toward the doll when left alone.
    *Leads us to believe that when we watch someone do something it can influence our behavior (Social Learning Theory)
  11. 11Why do people value social norms (3)?-People are motivated to reach a consensus
    >Helps avoid arguments
    >People hate to be wrong
    -To build a sense of belonging
    -Social Learning Theory
  12. 12What is the False-Consensus Effect?People tend to overestimate the extent to which others will agree with their view of the world.
  13. 13What is Normative Influence?The process by which group norms are privately accepted to achieve connectedness and valued social identity.
  14. 14How do social norms impact people?The reference group you pick matters a lot for what social norms actually predict.
  15. 15What are the negative effects of social norms (3)?-Idea that your group has a certain stereotype or prejudice because they are a part of that social norm, you conform to them.
    -Pluralistic Ignorance
    -Group Think
  16. 16What is pluralistic ignorance?When everyone publicly conforms to a social norm, but no one privately conforms to it.
    Ex. When a teacher asks if there are any questions and no one speaks up but everyone is confused.
  17. 17What is Group Think?When group members are more concerned with reaching a consensus rather than making a good decision.
    Ex. Challenger Shuttle - Leader discounted what the engineer thought was the best and the shuttle exploded.
    *Doesn't have to have a negative outcome.
  18. 18How do you avoid Group Think (4)?-Value open inquiry (consider other options)
    -Consider all available evidence
    -Encourage other people to go against the consensus and provide examples that don't fit.
    -Minimize the value of the leader and instead encourage all members to contribute.
  19. 19What is interdependency?When someone is somewhat reliant on a group for something.
  20. 20How does the presence of other people effect performance (3)?-Dependent on the task
    -Social Facilitation
    -Social Inhibition
  21. 21What is Social Facilitation?If you are already good at something, you will perform better when others are around.
    This is because there is accountability for the individual.
  22. 22What is Social Inhibition?If you are already bad at something, you will perform worse when others are around.
    This is because there is no accountability for the individual.
  23. 23Who was fascinated with cycling which led to an observation regarding what?Norman Triplett
    Noticed other people didn't perform as well alone as they did with others.
    (Social Facilitation)
  24. 24What is social loafing?When there are other group members around, people will perform less than if they were performing by themselves. You're diffusing the responsibility onto other people. There's no accountability for the individual.
    Ex. Max Ringelman Experiment
  25. 25What was the experiment Max Ringelmann was responsible for?-Social Loafing experiment
    Brought in people and had them pull a rope.
    He brought them either alone or in groups.
    In groups, people didn't put in nearly as much effort.
    *If individual contributions were measured, social loafing disappeared.
  26. 26What is the prisoner's dilemma?If you both snitch - both go to jail for 5 yrs.
    If 1 snitches - snitch is free, other jail for 20.
    If neither snitch - both jail for 1 year
    *Task to see when people will cooperate.
  27. 27For the Prisoner's Dilemma, what is the best strategy and what makes people more likely to cooperate?Best strategy: to do to others what they do to you.
    People are twice as likely to cooperate if you change the name from "Prisoner's Dilemma" to "Community Game".
  28. 28What is the Evolutionary Theory regarding cooperation?Oxytocin helps you build connections between people. When you cooperate with others, the level of oxytocin increases.
    This makes you more likely to cooperate in the future.
  29. 29What three factors play into the Prisoner's Dilemma (cooperation)?-Social Norms
    -Personality
    Ex. o Competitive people are more likely to snitch.
    o If you’re cooperative you’re more likely to stay silent until the other person snitches on you.
    -Culture
    Ex. o Collectivist cultures are more likely to cooperate among friends and compete amongst strangers.
    o Individualistic cultures are more likely to compete than collectivist cultures with friends, but less likely to compete than collectivist cultures with strangers.
  30. 30What is aggression?A hostile action with intent to harm someone else physically or psychologically.
  31. 31What are examples of aggression?-Physical aggression hurts someone physically.
    -Passive aggression hurts their sense of belonging.
    -Spreading rumors about someone can cause psychological harm.
  32. 32What is conflict?Perceived incompatibility of competing goals between two or more parties.
    -Caused by a disagreement
    -Both goals cannot be accomplished
  33. 33What are the two types of aggression?-Instrumental Aggression
    -Hostile Aggression
  34. 34What is instrumental aggression?The aggression has an outcome or desire (using aggression to get what you want)
    Ex. Pro: You get a better grade
    Con: Your friends get mad at you
    -You weigh the pros and cons to see if aggression is worth it.
  35. 35What is hostile aggression?-Driven by anger and usually starts due to responding to threats
    -If someone responds with aggression there are individual differences based on self-esteem.
    -Leads to an increase in ability to have cognitive functions which leads to more hostile behavior.
  36. 36Alcohol consumption does what?Affects ability to think systematically which hampers cognitive functioning which leads to more immediate thinking which leads to aggression.
    Alcohol is a factor in 2/3 of all homicides and 1/3 of all assaults.
  37. 37Time pressure can cause what?Things like deadlines reduce our ability to think completely and make rational decisions.
    It also increases our reliance on mental heuristics.
  38. 38What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?There is a relationship between arousal and performance.
  39. 39What did Muzafer Sherif do?He conducted experiments on conformity.
    Social Judgment Theory
    (The perception and evaluation of an idea by comparing it with current attitudes.)
  40. 40What are the six social influence principles?1) Reciprocation
    2) Social Proof
    3) Commitment and Consistency
    4) Liking
    5) Authority
    6) Scarcity
  41. 41What is reciprocation?People feel indebted to those who do something for them, or give them a gift.
  42. 42What is social proof?When people are unsure of what to do, they tend to look around them to guide their decisions and actions.
  43. 43What is commitment and consistency?People don't like to back out of deals. People strive for consistency in their commitments.
  44. 44What is liking (ingratiation)?People like to say yes to those they know and like. People are more like to favor those that are physically attractive, similar to themselves, or who give them compliments.
  45. 45What is authority?Giving the appearance of authority increases the likelihood of compliance to requests.
  46. 46What is scarcity?The more uncommon, the more people want it.
  47. 47Brian is an avid Patriots Fan, what explains Brian's sudden increase in mood and self-esteem after the Patriots defeated the Dolphins 36-7Basking in reflective glory.
  48. 48What would not remind people about the groups they are in?Self-categorizing yourself as a member of the group.
  49. 49What is a reason out-group members are created?to preserve cognitive resources.
  50. 50What is Social identity?Aspects of self-concept derived from an individual's knowledge and feelings about their group membership shared with others.
  51. 51What is coherence?The first price established shapes both future and present prices.

Information

Description
Final Exam for Social Psychology with Roediger
Created by
Courtney Judd
Views
74
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?