Flashcards
Psych Exam 2
Cards in this deck (46)
- 1What is encoding? (acquisition)getting information into the system by translating it into neural code
- 2Storage (retention)retain info over time
- 3Decoding (retrieval)Pulling info out of the while loop and using it
- 4Name the 3 parts of the Three Component modelSensory memory
Short-term/working memory
Long term memory - 5Sensory memoryHolds incoming sensory information just long enough for it to be recognized
- 6Sensory registerinitial info processor
iconic store: visual info
Echoic store: auditory sensory register
the sensory registers for other systems are very weak - 7Short-term/working memorySmall portion of sensory memory goes here, it hold information we are conscious of.
- 8USUnconditional Stimulus (food, heat, loud noises, lights in our eyes)
- 9URUnconditioned Responses (salvation, perspiration, startle, contract of pupil)
- 10LearningA relatively permanent change in behaviour, knowledge, capability, or attitude that is acquired through experience
- 11Stimulusstimulus- Any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds; plural is stimuli.
- 12Reflexesunlearned, automatic responses to environmental stimuli
- 13Ivan Pavlov’sstudy of the conditioned reflex provided psychology with a model of learning called classical conditioning.
- 14classical conditioning accomplished?During classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) is presented shortly before an unconditioned stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally elicits, or brings forth, an unconditioned response (e.g., salivation).
- 15What is observational learning?Observational learning is learning by observing the behaviour of others—called models—and the consequences of that behaviour.
- 16Cognitive learningEmphasizes mental processes (such as thinking, problem solving, remembering) in the study of learning.
- 17Recall:A measure that requires one to remember material with few or no retrieval cues. Typically the most difficult type of memory task.
- 18Recognition:A measure that requires one to identify material as familiar, or as having encountered it before.
- 19Relearning (savings method):Measuring retention in terms of the percentage of time or learning trials saved when material is relearned compared with the time required to learn it originally.
- 20Hippocampusformation of memories
- 21Prefrontal loberetrieval of memories.
- 22Four Study Habits That Aid MemoryOrganization: Use of conceptual hierarchies, categories, historical sequencing, and other techniques for organizing items in a meaningful way makes retrieval easier
Overlearning: Studying the material beyond the point at which it can be repeated once without error makes material harder to forget and more resistant to the effects of interference
Spaced practice: Studying for shorter time periods across many sessions reduces the effects of fatigue and interference as compared with the use of one long study period
Active learning: Use of techniques such as reciting from memory and asking questions about the material one reads is more effective than simply reading and rereading the material - 23Motivated forgetting:Forgetting through suppression or repression in order to protect oneself from material that is unpleasant
- 24Retrieval failure:Occurs when the information is in one’s long-term memory, but cannot be retrieved
- 25Positive reinforcement willincrease the probability of a behaviour recurring
- 26Negative reinforcement willincrease the probability of a behaviour recurring.
- 27In the three box model of memory there is _________ memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.sensory
- 28Define chunking.Combining long sequences into smaller memorizable bits or chunks.
- 29Episodic memory is contained indeclarative memory.
- 30The three processes of memory areencoding, storage, and retrieval.
- 31Episodic memory is part ofLong term memory
- 32Old memories interfering with new memories refers toproactive interference.
- 33Which are you more likely to forget?The source of a memory
- 34In Spearman’s “g-factor”, the g stands forGeneral.
- 35Those with higher emotional intelligence tend to do better at school.True
- 36As you grow up, your IQ becomes _____ genetically determined.more
- 37_____ are the smallest units of sound, and _______ are the smallest units of meaning.Phonemes, morphemes
- 38Fraternal twins aredizygotc.
- 39Conjoined twins aremonozygotic.
- 40Identical twins aremonozygotic.
- 41What is object permanence?The realization in infants that objects continue to exist when not perceived.
- 42the four most basic schedules of reinforcement:the fixed-ratio schedule, the variable-ratio schedule, the fixed-interval schedule, and the variable-interval schedule.
- 43Positive reinforcementAdding something (candy for being good, studying for good grades)
- 44Negative reinforcementThe termination of an unpleasant stimulus after a response in order to increase the probability that the response will be repeated.
- 45Which of the following processes occurs in operant conditioning when reinforcers are withheld?extinction
- 46—
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- Created by UdaraJay · Mar 1, 2016
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