Flashcards
Chapter 5 States of Consciousness Vocab
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1subconsciousbelow conscious awareness; sleeping and dreaming
- 2circadian rhythm24 hour cycle in the physiological processes of living beings
- 3REM or rapid eye movement sleepa unique phase of mammalian sleep characterized by random movement of the eyes, low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream
- 4NREM or non rapid eye movement sleepsleep stages I-IV associated with slowing brain activity
- 5alpha wavesnormal electrical activity of the brain when conscious and relaxed
- 6sleep spindlesoccurs during stage 2; short bursts of rapid, high amplitude brain waves
- 7Restoration theory of sleepsleep rejuvenates the mind and the body. REM sleep restores mental and brain functions, while NREM sleep restores key physical functions
- 8adaptive theory of sleepevolutionary psychologists argue that sleep patterns evolved so that humans could conserve energy and avoid problems
- 9psychoanalytic/psychodynamic viewaccording to Sigmund Freud dreams provide insights into the unconscious motives by expressing hidden desires and conflicts
- 10manifest contentall the parts of the dream that we remember
- 11latent contentunderlying, more hidden, but true meaning of a dream
- 12activation synthesis theorydreams are a random event caused by firing of neurons in the brain. The brain synthesizes these spontaneous signals into coherent patterns or dreams
- 13information processing theoryproposed in 1993, theory states that dreams allow people to review and address problems they faced during waking life.
- 14insomniaproblems falling and staying asleep
- 15narcolepsyfalling asleep all the time
- 16sleep apneapotentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.
- 17night terrorsnot able to wake someone up, having nightmares
- 18REM reboundlengthening and increasing frequency and depth of rapid eye movement
- 19hypnosisbeing controlled while asleep
- 20Ernest hilgard and the hidden observerhilgard conducted an experiment with hypnotized subjects who showed no sign of pain when they were submerged their arms in an ice bath, but when asked to raise their index finger if they felt pain, 70% did.
- 21psychoactive drugsa chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, or consciousness
- 22agonistic drugsenhance a neurotransmitters effect
- 23antagonistic drugsinhibit a neurotransmitters effects
- 24withdrawalphysical and mental symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing intake of a drug
- 25tolerancethe ability or willingness to tolerate something
- 26depressantsa drug that lowers neurotransmission levels, which is to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation in various areas if the brain
- 27stimulantsincrease alertness and energy
- 28opiatesdepress neural functioning; numb the senses and relieves pain. Extremely addictive and withdrawal is painful
- 29hallucinogensa psychoactive agent which can cause hallucinations, perceptual anomalies, and other substantial subjective changes in thoughts, emotion, and consciousness.