Flashcards
Early Middle Ages
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1What type of society was Roman Society?Hierarchical – Wealthy at the top, slaves at the bottom.
Patriarchal – Women, children and slaves obeyed male head of the family.
Unequal – Poverty lead to crime. The wealthy had all the power. - 2What were the three key aspects of Roman Law?One central system of law and law enforcement.
Laws were written down and displayed so people knew them.
Innocent until proven guilty – fair trial with presentation of evidence. - 3What where the 3 most common crimes in Roman Britain?Crimes against property.
Crimes against the person.
Crimes against authority - 4Give 2 examples of crimes against property from Roman Britain.Petty theft.
Selling underweight goods.
Burglary - 5Give 2 examples of crimes against the person from Roman Britain.Street violence.
Murder - 6Give 2 examples of crimes against authority from Roman Britain.Plotting against the emperor.
Refusing to conform to the official state religion. - 7What punishment was used most often under Roman law?The death penalty – crucifixion; being thrown to the lions.
- 8Give examples of other punishments use in Roman Britain.Flogging and beating.
Repaying the cost of stolen goods.
Cutting off limbs.
Being sent into exile.
Being forced to become a gladiator. - 9Who was in charge of dealing with riots and disorders in Roman Britain?Roman legions.
- 10What did victims of crime have to do to get justice?Report the crime to the local centurion (who decides if it will go to court).
Take the suspect to the local centurion. Gather evidence for the centurion and the court. - 11Who dealt with minor crimes in Roman Britain?Magistrates in local courts.
- 12Who dealt with serious crimes in Roman Britain?The Roman Governor of Britain.
- 13What happened to the central law and order system when the Romans left in the 5th century?It collapsed.
- 14At the beginning of the Saxon period, who could punish criminals?The victims of crime / their families.
- 15By the year 1000 who had responsibility for crime and punishment in Saxon England?Tithing’s.
Guilt or innocence was decided in a court by a group of local freemen. - 16What did you have to do if you witnessed a crime?Raise a ‘Hue and Cry’
- 17What was a blood feud?When murder was avenged by a relative who killed someone in the killers family. That death would then be avenged. These could last for generations.
- 18What was a Wergeld?A payment made to the family of a murdered person. Different prices were paid depending on the importance of the victim. It replaced Blood feuds
- 19What was a Tithing?A collection of 10 freemen. If one committed a crime the others had to make sure he went to court or they would have to pay a fine for him.
- 20Who was in overall charge of British law in the Anglo-Saxon period?Anglo-Saxon Kings drew up a code of law based on custom and not written down.
- 21Give examples of Anglo-Saxon punishments.Fines and compensation.
Floggings and beatings.
Confiscation of property.
Cutting off hands, feet or the tongue. Execution (rarely used). - 22How did the increasing influence of the Church affect crime and punishment in the Anglo-Saxon period?Made news laws and so criminalised new things.
New punishments like trial by ordeal (Hot Water, Cold Water / Fire).
They believed God would decide a person’s innocence. - 23How did the law system change under the Normans after 1066?Became unified again.
- 24What were the 2 main influencing factors on the legal system in the Norman period?The King.
The Church. - 25Give examples of law enforcement methods use in the Norman period.Tithings.
Hue and Cry.
Court system – more set up for serious crimes.
Trial by combat (new) - 26What did Norman Forest Laws introduce as crimes?Poaching / cutting down trees from the 30% of England’s land that was royal forest
- 27Who policed forest laws?A large network of officials – punishments were very harsh.
- 28How did the church change crime and punishment in Norman England?Sex outside marriage became a crime.
All clergy were tried in a church court (death penalty could not be imposed). Many people learned bible passages off by heart to be able to claim ‘benefit of the clergy.’ - 29What is the ‘Right to Sanctuary’?‘Right to sanctuary’ – couldn’t be arrested if they were in a church and if they confessed they would be allowed to leave the country.
- 30How did the Norman invasion change punishments?The use of the death penalty rose dramatically, as did mutilations.
Death penalty now covered theft.
Paying compensation to victims of crime declined.
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- GCSE History Flashcards on Early Middle Ages, created by Olivia Bamber on 02/04/2016.
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- Olivia Bamber
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