Flashcards
Psychology 2
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1Conceptsgrouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
Ex. car, girl, chair - 2Prototypesmental image or best representation of conceptual category
Ex. writer-Stephen King, color-blue - 3How do we do problem solving?by trial and error or with strategies such as algorithms and heuristics
- 4What is algorithms?methodical, logical procedure where all possibilities are considered
Ex. pharmacist trying to determine new combination of drugs to treat a disease - 5What is heuristics?simple thinking strategies; use judgments/prior knowledge to solve problems efficiently
-less time consuming, but more error-prone than algorithms - 6What is insight?qsudden realization of a solution to a problem
- 7What are two types of obstacles we face when problem-solving?confirmation bias and fixation
- 8What is confirmation bias?a tendency to search for information that confirms a personal bias
- 9What is fixation?An inability to see a problem from a fresh perspective
*Mental set- tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often the way that was successful in the past - 10What strategy do we usually use to make quick decisions, and why it isn't always good?Availability heuristic; operates when we estimate the likelihood of events based on what's available in our memory
Ex. Casino machine bells and whistles lead us to be more aware of winning, instead of losing - 11What is overconfidence?the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
- 12What is belief perseverance?clinging to an initial conception despite evidence to the contrary
Ex. the belief that autism is caused by mercury in vaccinations - 13What is framing?decisions and judgments may be significantly affected depending upon how an issue is presented
Ex. people think that a surgery that has a 10% death rate is "more risky" than one that has a 90% survival rate - 14What is creativity?the ability to produce ideas that are both novel and valuable
- 15Who thought of the five components of creativity, and what are they?Robert Sternberg; expertise, imaginative thinking, a venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation
- 16What is intelligence?the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use our knowledge to adapt to new situations (it is a concept not a thing!)
- 17General intelligence (g)What theory of intelligence, coined by Charles Spearman, stated that intelligence is a common level of ability among clusters of skills?
- 18What did Spearman help develop?factor analysis
- 19L.L. Thurstoneidentified 7 different cluster of primary mental abilities (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability)
- 20Howard Gardnerproposed that we have multiple (8) types of intelligence (people smart-interpersonal, self smart-intrapersonal, word smart-linguistic, logic smart-logical/mathmatical, nature smart-naturalist, picture smart-spatial, body smart, music smart)
-brain damage my diminish one type of ability but not others - 21Who thought of the Three Intelligences, and what are they?Robert Sternberg; Analytical, Creative, and Practical
- 22What is emotional intelligence?the ability to perceive, understand, and use emotions
- 23How do we assess intelligence?intelligence tests
- 24What are intelligence tests?tests that assess mental aptitudes and allow us to compare scores (to predict your ability to learn new things)
-measure your IQ (intelligence quotient) not your intelligence!
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- Degree Psychology Flashcards on Psychology 2, created by Julia Lord on 06/04/2016.
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- Julia Lord
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