Flashcards
attachment
Cards in this deck (27)
- 1whats an attachment-strong emotional tie
-develops over time between infant and primary caregiver (person whom they are most strongly attachment) - 2what 4 characteristics make an attachment identified by maccoby?-separation anxiety/distress
-seeking proximity especially at times of anxiety
-pleasure when reunited
-general orientation of behaviour towards the primary caregiver - 3why are attachments important to the infant?-gives them sense of security
-attachments can be provided by anyone who provides comfort - 4how do the infant and the attachment figure communicate?-bodily contact
-mimicking
-caregiverese
-interactional synchronicity
-reciprocity - 5what does caregiverese mean?-attachment figure modifies language in a high pitched, slow and repetitive voice
-this aids communication between carer and infant + strengthens the bond - 6what does interactional synchronicity mean?-infants move their bodies in tune with the rhythm of carers spoken language
-reinforces the attachment bond - 7what is meant by an infant mimicking?imitates facial expressions
- 8what does reciprocity mean?-interactions between carers and infants result in mutual behaviour
-both parties being able to produce responses from each other
-helps strengthen attachment bond - 9physical contact research by Klaus and kennel?-compared mums who extended physical contact with their babies lasting several hours a day + mums who only had contact during feeding 3 days after birth
-1 month later the mums with most contact were found to cuddle more+have more eye contact
-suggests greater physical contact leads to stronger bond - 10meltzoff and moore infant imitation research?-found infants aged 2-3 weeks tend to mimic adults specific facial + hand movements
-supports idea that infants mimicry is an innate ability to aid the formation if attachments
-especially as it was subsequently seen in infants less than 3 days old - 11positive evaluation of Klaus and kennells findings+hospitals placed mothers and babies in the same room in days of following birth rather than previous practice of rooming them apart to encourage attachments
- 12negative evaluation of Klaus and kenne;; findings?-findings were accused of not being caused by lack of contact, but instead due to the great amount of attention who were unmarried and poor
-caregiverese has been seen to be used by adults to all infants not just those they're attached to, suggesting that its usage aids communication between adults and infants so it cannot be claimed to specifically help form attachments
-interactional synchrony isn't found in all cultures yet they still form attachments - 13describe the pre attachment phase?-from 6 weeks
-infants become attached to other humans, preferring them to objects and events
-this preference is demonstrated by them smiling at peoples faces - 14describe the indiscriminate attachment phase?-3 to 7/8 months
-infants begin to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people, smiling at more known people
-they still allow strangers to handle and look after them - 15describe discriminate attachment?-7/8 months+
-Infants begin to develop specific attachments
-staying close to particular people and becoming distressed when separated from them
-They avoid unfamiliar people and protest if strangers try to handle them - 16describe multiple attachments stage?-9 months+
-Infants form strong emotional ties with other major caregivers e.g. grandparents
-The fear of strangers weaken, but attachment to the mother figure remains strongest - 17stages of developing attachments?-pre attachment phase
-indiscriminate phase
-discriminate attachment phase
-multiple attachments stage - 18Schaffer&emerson study?-60 infants (5 to 23 weeks old)
-studied until they were 1 years old
-working class families in Glasgow
-mothers were visited every 4 weeks and asked to report their infants response to separation on a four point scale
-mothers also asked to report any protest was directed at - 19evaluation of schaffer and emerson study?-data from the study may be unreliable as it's based on mothers reports of their infants which is subjective
-sample is bias (working class families from Glasgow in 1960) - 20factors that affect relationship between children and fathers?-degree of sensitivity
-type of attachment
-marital intimacy
-supportive cooperation - 21how does degree of sensitivity affect the relationship between children and fathers?more secure attachments to their children are found in fathers who show more sensitivity to their children's needs
- 22how does the type of attachment affect the relationship between children and fathers?single parent fathers tend to form similar attachments with their children, as they did with their own parents
- 23how does marital intimacy affect the relationship between children and fathers?the degree of intimacy a father has within his relationship with his partner affects the type of attachment he will have with his children
- 24how does supportive co-parenting a father has within his relationship with his partner affects the type of attachment he will have with his children?the amount of support a father gives to his partner in helping to care for children affects the type of attachment he will have with his children
- 25describe the lucassen et al experiment examining the role of fathers in attachment?-it was an observations and the Strange Situation technique (a method of testing attachment type)
-higher levels of sensitivity were associated with greater levels of infant-father attachment security
-Supports the idea that more secure attachments are found in children whose fathers are more sensitive to their children’s needs - 26describe the Bernier & Miljkovitch examining the roles of fathers in attachments?-single-parent fathers’ attachments with children aged 4-6 years was similar to the attachments the father had with this own parents
-As no such effect was found with married fathers, it suggests continuity of attachments occurs more in fathers who are the main caregivers - 27—
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- AS - Level Psychology Flashcards on attachment, created by hanna akhrass on 19/04/2016.
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- hanna akhrass
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