History

Question	Answer
First Wave of Feminism	19th - early 20th century 1. sought to win women voting rights, female education rights, better working conditions, abolition of gender double standards.
Women were considered to be:	1. Intellectually inferior 2. physically weak 3. emotional 4. intuitive 5. irrational 6. suited to the roles of a wife and mother
What was the role of a women?	1. to marry and serve her husband 2. traditional vows "obey" their husbands.
Imprisonment	early 20th century - WWI, 1000 Suffragettes imprisoned in Britain. 1. public order offences - protests, failure to pay fines. 2. First Suffragettes to be imprisoned were Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenney in October 1905.
Hunger Strikes	1. Suffragettes refused to be recognised as political prisoners. 2. became common for suffragettes to refuse food. 3. released a few days later to could they return to the "fighting line"
Force Feedings	1. Sep 1909, Home Office became unwilling to release hunger-striking Suffragettes. 2. became liability if they died in custody. 3. force fed the hunger strikers via nostril or stomach tubes or a stomach pump.
WWI & The Women's Right's Movement	1. Commencement of WWI - moved away from suffrage activities, focused efforts on war effort - hunger strikes stopped. 2. women volunteered males role, proving their capabilities. 3. 1914, Pankhurst ended all suffrage activities - all prisoners released. 4. focus on war work went in favour to their partial enfranchisement in 1918.
The split between Suffragettes	1. mainstream: Emmeline/Christabel Pankhurst's WSPU, called a ceasefire in their campaign for duration of WWI. 2. Radical Suffragettes: Sylvia Pankhurst WSF continued the struggle.
WWII & The Women's Right's Movement	Rosie the Riveter - symbol of hard-skills labour, expanded opportunity & confidence within women skill basis, therefore their role was far more important than in WWI. 1. they built ships, aircrafts, vehicles, weaponry, warned, drove trucks 2. Enlisted as Nurses in the allied countries for front line soldiers.
Arson, Property Damage and Domestic Terrorism	1. burnt/poured acid down letterboxes 2. wealthy people, particularly where males resorted to were burnt down - horse racing tracks and cricket pitches.
Emmeline Pankhurst	1. Founder of WSPU (all women advocacy organisation dedicated to "deeds not words". 2. Union known for physical confrontations - smashed windows, assaulted officers. 3. Pankhurst + her daughters staged hunger strikes to secure better conditions. 4. 1999 - Time named her most important people of 20th century.
Sylvia Pankhurst	daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst. Sylvia + Christabel = driving member of the movement. Left the Suffragettes to create party that supported her own socialist views alongside her views on women's rights.
Emily Davison	1. Militant Suffragette - fought for women suffrage in Britain. 2. jailed on 9 occasions, force fed 101 times. 3. stepped infront of King George V's horse at the Epsom Derby 4th June 1913 - fatal. 4, funeral organised by WSPU - thousands of suffragettes attended and line the streets of london.
Second Wave Feminism	beginning in early 1960's - present 1. Equality beyong suffrage - ending gender discrimination, women cultural and political inequalities in relation to their personal lives, sexism.
The Female Eunuch	1970 - Germaine Greer 1. The "traditional" suburban, consumerist, nuclear family repress women sexually, and that devitalises them, rendering them eunuch's.
The Contraceptive Pull (Second wave)	1. prolonged the age at which women first married - allows education, career. 2. sharp increase in college attendance and graduation rates. 3. reduced the cost of staying in school. 4. control fertility without sacrificing relationships.
Equal pay (Second Wave)	1. individuals doing the same work should receive the same wage. 2. gender gap pay - sexual discrimination 3. payments, benefits.
The Suffragettes	members of a women organisation in late 19th and early 20th century. 1. advocated the extension of the "franchise" or right to vote in public elections, to women. 2. Militants in the UK such as members of the Women's Social and Political Union.
The Glass Ceiling (Second Wave)	Metaphor - women can see elite positions but cannot reach them. 1. these barriers prevent women from obtaining powerful/high paying jobs.
Third Wave Feminism	focused less on laws - more on individual identity. 1. arisen from idea that women are from many different colours, ethnicities, nationalities + religions 2. allows women to define feminism for themselves- by incorporating their own identities. 3. further changes in stereotypes against women.

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