HESI A&P (pg 109-111)

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Nervous System & Endocrine System
Jasmine Tran
Flashcards by Jasmine Tran, updated more than 1 year ago
Jasmine Tran
Created by Jasmine Tran about 8 years ago
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Question Answer
Parts of a neuron cell body, axon, dendrites
Dendrites transmit the impulse toward the cell body
Axon transmit the impulse away the cell body
Sensory (afferent) neurons transmit nerve impulses toward the CNS
Motor (efferent) neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS toward the effector organs such as muscles, glands, and digestive organs
4 lobes Frontal- planning, reward, motivation, short-term Temporal- sensory, language, speech, memory, emotion Parietal- taste, touch, temp Occipital- visual
Cerebrum associated with movement and sensory input
Cerebellum responsible for muscular coordination
Medulla oblongata controls many vital functions such as respiration and heart rate
How long is the spinal cord from the foramen magnum to the first/second lumbar vertebra 18 inches
How many pairs of spinal nerves are known to exit the spinal cord? 31
Simple (spinal) reflexes nerve impulses travel through the spinal cord only and do not reach the brain
The sensory impulses enter the _____ horns of the spinal cord. The motor impulses leave through the _____ horns of the spinal cord. dorsal ventral
Endocrine system assists the nervous system in homeostasis, important in growth and sexual maturation **COMMUNICATION THROUGH THE USE OF HORMONES**
Hormones chemical messengers that control the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of specific target cells
Tropic hormones hormones that act on other endocrine glands
Steroid hormones enter target cells & effect the DNA of the nucleus
Protein hormones (nonsteroid hormones) remain at the cell surface and act through a second messenger, usually a substance called adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
What does the parathyroid hormone regulate? Calcium
Where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors (specialized sensory nerves that assist with the regulation of circulation and respiration) located? Carotid body (on the side of ur neck)
Cortisol hormone that reduces inflammation, raises blood sugar levels, inhibits the release of histamine
List endocrine glands hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal gland, pancreas, gonads
What attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus? infundibulum
Hypothalamus produce inhibiting & releasing hormones
Anterior lobe of pituitary gland *Master* releases hormones, called tropic hormones, because they act on other endocrine glands
Posterior lobe of pituitary gland releases oxytocin (labor hormone) & antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (water retention from kidneys)
Which of the following is not produced by an exocrine gland? A) digestive enzymes B) adrenaline C) milk D) saliva B) adrenaline adrenaline is produced by adrenals, which are endocrine glands Exocrine glands have ducts, and endocrine doesn't. Endocrine released right into the blood stream.
Lipase breaks down-- fats
Nucleases breaks down-- nucleic acids
Amylase enzymes breaks down-- carbohydrates
Protease enzymes break down-- proteins
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