Flashcards
Week 11 Lecture 2
Cards in this deck (11)
- 1Viruses and the interferon responseInterferon response is vital in controlling many viral infections
WNV or DENV infection is worse/fatal in IFN-receptor deficient mice
Interferon treatment is used in HCV infection - 2Viruses can subvert the induction of interferonSeveral viruses can block the induction or subsequent actions of interferon
HCV blocks the signalling pathways from viral recognition to induction of interferon - 3Bacteria can prevent phagocytosisStreptococcus pneumoniae
Gram positive bacteria, present in throat, can cause pneumonia, ear infection + other
Several virulence factors
Anti-phagocytic capsule
- not recognised and coated by antibody and not phagocytosed effectively by macrophages - 4Bacteria can prevent phagocytic destructionMycobacterium tuberculosis
Acid fast bacteria (doesn't Gram Stain)
Can cause cause chronic lung infection
Can live inside macrophages
Phagocytic update of MTB
MTB inhibits the action of cellular factors for phagosome maturation
Prevent production of phagolysosome and MTB destruction - 5Getting past the adpative immune system system - evading antibodyStreptococcus pneumoniae produces secretory IgA protease inactivates secretory IgA
PspC and PspA prevent activation of complement - 6Evading antibodyAntigen variation
HIV Continual variation in epitopes by mutation (quasispecies)
- loss of antibody detection
Influenza: Antigenic shift, antigenic drift - 7Antigen variaiton to evade adaptive immunityNew epitopes
Epitope specific antibody or cellular responses
New pathogen/new epitopes
Epitope specific antibody or cellular response - 8Evading the adaptive systemLatency
- low level production of foreign antigens
Not effectively presented on MHC-I
Not effectively detected by CTL
Doesn't effectively active T cell help
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- can live inside macrophages and avoid destructino
Herpes simplex virus
- dsDNA virus, latent infection in neurons
- can infect the eye - 9Infection controlHand hygiene
Distance
Physical barriers: condoms, wound coverage
Vaccination - 10Public measuresPersonal infection control
- vaccination
quaratine - where is this appropriate
Controls of vectors e.g. insects
Dengue
Mosquito control, fumigation, nets, reduced breeding sites, genetic approaches - 11Public measuresControl of secondary hosts/reservoirs
Numbers, location, interactions, vacciantion
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- Immunology Flashcards on Week 11 Lecture 2, created by Paras Chrysostomou on 02/11/2016.
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- Paras Chrysostomou
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