Flashcards
5 Giants
Cards in this deck (17)
- 1What were the key features of the post world war 2 welfare state? include in you answer reference to the 5 giants and the measures introduced to combat them.5 giants;
Want - Poverty
Idleness - Unemployment
Ignorance - Education
Squalor - Housing
Disease - Health - 2PM; Chamberlain 1937-40 Churchill (coalition) 1940-45 Attlee (labour) July 1945-51 1942 Beveridge report - Blue print for welfare stateBeveridge report identified that GOV need to take a more responsibility in the lives. by promoting individual welfare by achieving high employment level. welfare state to be UNIVERSAL and previous policy only for Working class workers, even then coverage could vary.
- 3Policy in 1944 ensured that all working incomes were now protected from all risks. 3. In 1950's taxation became major part in welfare state. As of 1945, taxation has become very regressive and less about redistributing wealth and resources between the rich and poor. The tax threshold became so low that by the mid to late 50s, incomes below the poverty line became liable for tax.......
- 4ARRIVAL OF THE WELFARE STATE; IMPACT OF WW21.5 million children were evacuated to the countryside. the poorest children living middle class lives. Most evacuees were living in sever poverty, malnourished, dirty and poorly clothed. Had a massive impact on politics at PM Chamberlain said "i never knew such conditions existed and i feel ashamed of have being so ignorant of my neighbors"
- 5EGALITARIAN CONSENSUSRich and the poor living the same, all suffering, no discrimination taking place.
everyone ate the same as rationing removed the food barrier.
everyone relied on the state.
Due to the sacrifices and dedication of British public, it was agreed that the state should take a more interventionist role. - 6WAR SOCIALISMLaissez-Faire(french) - leave alone. economic system used by conservatives and the coalition government, to leave the market to its own devices, free fro GOV interference. leading to a better market and society.
This as abandoned as the GOV needed to intervene to control the prices and distribution on resources including food i.e rationing. Also production and women were recruited to work farms and factories. Full employment achieved. - 7GOVERNMENT ACTION1940 milk scheme - nursing and expectant mothers, under 5s entitled to 1/2 milk. 1941 extended to vitamins, cod liver oil and orange juice.
provisions of school milk and meals, by 1945 1.65 mil free meals.
immunizations were free as of 1941. diphtheria deaths decreased from 3000 per year to 818 in 1945.
state nurseries for working mothers.
old age and widows pensions act for an extra 750,000.
the effect of these provisions were to make the welfare available universal based on the needs of everyone rather than selective benefits for certain people, based on the old poor laws. - 8LABOUR GOVERNMENT 1945-51These years brought around the arrival of the welfare state used in the 21st ctn. WW2 led to a cross party consensus and a unity of purpose.
Labor attempted to attack 5 giants/
provided a safety net for the poor and promised a 'cradle to grave' protection. but only reduction of poverty was achieved. - 9BEVERIDGE REPORT 1942Social Security Deal; British public would contribute a single weekly payment into state insurance fund and the GOV would help and protect against all possible contingencies i.e. maternity, sick, medical, old age, unemployment and funeral.
- 10MAIN PRINCIPLES OF BEVERIDGE REPORTCOMPREHENSIVE; meet the needs of social problems. UNIVERSAL; open to all regardless of income. INSURANCE BASED; weekly payments to finance future benefits. COMPULSORY; all workers had to contribute. INTEGRATED; all together in 1 scheme. FLAT RATE; contribution same regardless of income. SUBSISTENCE LEVEL; provide minimum benefit for necessities i.e food, clothing and shelter. NON MEANS TESTED; benefits would not stop due to any other income.
- 115 GIANTSBeveridge report identifies the 5 problems in society;
Want - poverty
Ignorance - education
Idleness - employment
Squalor - housing
Disease - health - 12Responses to Beveridge ReportEducation act 1944 - raised school leave age to 15. 3 stages introduced, Nursery, Primary & Secondary and a school medical service.
Family allowances act 1945 - provides a 5s weekly per child after the 1st. Legal entitlement of wife. not entirely humanitarian as it would prevent a drop in births leading to a future highly populated workforce and economy. - 13COMBATING THE 5 GIANTS WANT - SOCIAL SECURITY & POVERTY Nation insurance (industrial injuries) act July 1945; accident a responsibility of society. employers and employees contributed. in return GOV provided insurance against injury (45s weekly). National Insurance act August 1946 - compulsory insurance for all circumstances (cradle to grave) National assistance act, 1945 - provided welfare for sick, disabled and aged.Success? (WANT)
the social security system was a vast
improvement on what was before but didn't help those on severe poverty and deprivation. - 14DISEASE - HEALTH pre 1945 the existing health service, everyone wasn't covered (self-employed and families on benefits), high doctors bills. New NHS, Universal and no limits to the treatment people could receive. GP, hospital, opticians & dentist now free. opposition by doctors, 41000 against free NHS & 4700 for 1948. doctors bought of by health ministers as £66mil put aside for loss of private practices & 15s per patient.Success? (DISEASE)
YES; millions of people were treated, most wouldn't have without it. NHS greatest achievement of welfare state in a recovering state and economy after WW2.
NO; cost was huge, NI wouldn't cover it. By 1950 NHS costing £358 million. to help this charges were added to glasses and dental treatment.
Public reaction - celebrated by the poor. a massive backlog of illnesses and injuries were treated. queues out of the door. Prescriptions rose from 7m to 13.5m bu 1948. In first year 5m people prescribed glassed and 8m received dental treatment. - 15SQUALOR (HOUSING) Housing shortage due to destruction from war, 700,000 destroyed. As of 1945 1/3 of houses need renovating & repairing. Housing policies hindered due to the loss of experienced workers in war and high building material cost. between 45-48 157,000 prefabricated houses built. Families were squatting on disused army bases.Success? (HOUSING)
Between 45-51 for every 1 private house built 4 council houses were.
Doesn't compare with pre was levels of houses or 1950 conservative accomplishment. Poor levels of homeless and housing remained for entire Labor reign. - 16IDLENESS (UNEMPLOYMENT) Full employment achieved by 1946. only 2.5% out of work. Greatest achievement of labour (Dalton Chancellor). Due to labour policy or $13bn given through Marshall Aid, help the economic recovery of Europe.Success? (IDLENESS)
Labor experienced difficulties; Bread & Potato rationing. 1947 winter fuel shortage. Pound lost value.
Although full employment was maintained. - 17IGNORANCE (EDUCATION) By 1950 1176 schools were built. Lack of schools due to 20% destroyed during war.Success? (IGNORANCE)
Labor did nothing much to enhance education opportunities for working class children.
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- Social Science Flashcards on 5 Giants, created by Kelsie Sweeting on 30/12/2016.
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