Flashcards
Data Recording, Analysis and Presentation
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1WHAT IS NOMINAL LEVEL DATA?The most basic type
Simply categories of behaviour and how often they occur - 2WHAT IS ORDINAL LEVEL DATA?Individual data which show which participant did the behaviour most or least and indicates the position of a participant within the group.
- 3WHAT IS INTERVAL LEVEL DATA?Has equal intervals
Gives more than just order, they also show how much difference there is between the first and second, and so on
Quite detailed
Tells us the most about differences in behaviour of the three levels - 4STRENGTHS OF QUANTITATIVE DATAEasy comparisons between participants
Can be summarised using averages or percentages
Easier to establish the reliability to see if findings are replicated - 5WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE DATACan lack detail
May not reflect how we would respond in everyday life, so could lack ecological validity - 6STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE DATARich in detail
More valid - 7WEAKNESSES OF QUALITATIVE DATAHarder to make comparisons between participants' responses or to summarise
- 8WHAT IS PRIMARY DATA?Data gathered directly from the participants by the researcher
- 9WHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE OF PRIMARY DATA?Collected to specifically inform the psychologists' research
The researchers know how they were gathered and what controls were put in place to ensure validity - 10WHAT IS SECONDARY DATA?Data that has already been gathered by someone other than the researcher
- 11WHAT IS AN ADVANTAGE OF SECONDARY DATA?The data would otherwise be impossible or too expensive to collect by the psychologists and often they are data from a period of time so that trends over time can be analysed
- 12WHAT IS A DISADVANTAGE OF SECONDARY DATA?May not have been collected in a valid or reliable way
There may be extraneous variables which have not been considered - 13MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCYWays of calculating central, average or typical scores
- 14MEANA measure of central tendency which is calculated by adding up all the scores in a set and dividing by the number of scores
- 15MEDIANA measure of central tendency which is calculated by putting all the scores from a set in numerical order and then taking the central point from this set of scores
- 16MODEA measure of central tendency which records the most frequently occurring score in a set
- 17MEASURES OF DISPERSIONWays of calculating how widely dispersed or spread out the scores are
- 18RANGEA measure of dispersion which is calculated by taking the lowest score from the highest score in a set and then adding 1
- 19VARIANCEA measure of dispersion which records how much a set of numbers is spread out from the mean
A variance of 0 indicates that all of the scores are very close to the mean and hence to each other
A high variance indicates that the data are very spread out around the mean and away from each other - 20STANDARD DEVIATIONA measure of dispersion which comprises the square root of the variance
- 21CALCULATING THE VARIANCE1) Calculate the mean
2) For each participant, subtract the mean from their score to give the difference (d)
3) Square the result to give the squared difference (d2)
d) Work out the mean of the squared differences - 22NON-PARAMETRIC INFERENTIAL TESTSNominal data - independent measures = Chi Square test
Nominal data- repeated measures = Binomial Sign Test
Ordinal data - independent measures = Mann-Whitney U test
Ordinal data - repeated measures = Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test
Ordinal data - test for correlation = Spearman's Rho Correlation Coefficient - 23—
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- A-Level Psychology (RESEARCH METHODS) Flashcards on Data Recording, Analysis and Presentation, created by Beth Tonks on 03/01/2017.
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- Beth Tonks
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