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Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Adjective phrase dependents? | → Consist of an adjective alone or an adjective accompanied by one or more dependents → 2 types of dependents: complements and modifiers → COMPLEMENTS: controlled by the head-word; normally not omissible e.g. afraid of the dark, keen on skiing → MODIFIERS: always optional; AdjP modifiers express degree → Most common type = Premodifiers like AdvP (except enough) e.g. quite long enough, fiercely competitive → Not so common = Postmodifiers like PPs, clauses e.g. large for a frog, better than he thought |
| Gradable | Most adjectives are gradable. This means that their meaning can be modified (made stronger, weaker, or otherwise altered) by placing one or more adverbs in front of them. For example: an expensive car a very expensive car a fairly expensive car an extremely expensive car |
| Adverb phrase | An adverb phrase is simply two or more words that act as an adverb. It can modify a verb, adverb, or adjective and can tell “how”, “where”, “why”, or “when.” Both premodifiers and postmodifiers possible e.g. very calmly for someone in mortal danger; better than we had anticipated Complements very rare; always PPs e.g. independently of the rest |
| Prepositional phrase | → Headed by preposition → Head comes first; info about it afterwards e.g. over the wooden bridge Simple PP: one word e.g. at, behind, by, for, in, like, of, ... Complex PP: more words e.g. by means of, in front of, in spite of, ... At the corner In the world Through the looking glass Over the rainbow Under the sea By the light of the moon Around the sun |
| Stranded preposition | ending a sentence with a preposition which prescprictive grammarians would object to (lol): she enjoys being fussed over they must be convinced of the commitment that they are taking on Tom had no-one to play with what music are you interested in? |
| Particle | (in English) any of the class of words such as in, up, off, over, used with verbs to make phrasal verbs. |
| Phrasal verb | An idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and another element, typically either an adverb, as in break down, or a preposition, for example see to, or a combination of both, such as look down on. |
| Gradience | (mass noun) The absence of a clear-cut boundary between one category and another, for example between cup and mug in semantics. |
| main (lexical) verb | The verb in a main clause. |
| modal verb | An auxiliary verb that expresses necessity or possibility. English modal verbs include must, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, and might. They cannot function as main verbs, therefore another verb must come after them. They are modal auxiliaries. |
| Present participle | The form of a verb, ending in -ing in English, which is used in forming continuous tenses, e.g. in I'm thinking, alone in non-finite clauses, e.g. in sitting here, I haven't a care in the world, as a noun, e.g. in good thinking, and as an adjective, e.g. in running water. Example sentences |
| Gerund | A verb form which functions as a noun, in Latin ending in -ndum (declinable), in English ending in -ing (e.g. asking in do you mind my asking you?). |
| past participle | The form of a verb, typically ending in -ed in English, which is used in forming perfect and passive tenses and sometimes as an adjective, e.g. looked in have you looked?, lost in lost property. |
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