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Flashcards

Acute responses to exercise

Paul Batters Health and Physical Education Year 12 English 62 cards

Acute responses to exercise

Cards in this deck (62)

  1. 1Acute responsesOccur for the duration of the activity and recovery and are dependent on the duration, intensity and type of activity being undertaken
  2. 2Cardiac OutputQ=SVxHR.
    The total volume of blood pumped from the heart per minute (L/min)
    @rest 5.2 @max 28.5
  3. 3Cardiac Output ResponseIncreases rapidly for the first 2-3 mins and then gradually depending on the intensity
  4. 4Cardiac Output Why it changesSo that more blood can be ejected out of the heart per minute and therefore more oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles
  5. 5Diastolic blood pressurethe relaxation or filling phase of the heart
    (Usually 80)
  6. 6Diastolic blood pressure ResponseStays relatively stable during whole body exercise, increases during resistance training
  7. 7Steady statethe condition of a system or physiological function that remains at a relatively constant (steady) value; after a few minutes of sub-maximal exercise, a person will reach a steady state in which heart rate and oxygen consumption remain constant for a given exercise intensitySteady state
  8. 8Stroke volumethe volume of blood expelled from the left ventricle with each heart beat
    @rest 75ml @max 150ml
  9. 9Stroke volume Response@Submax- Increases rapidly and then Steady State
    @Max it will reach its maximum capacity and plateau
  10. 10Stroke volume Why it changesSo that more blood can be ejected out of the heart per beat and therefore more oxygen can be delivered to the muscles
  11. 11Systolic blood pressurethe contraction or pumping phase of the heart creating higher pressures on artery walls
    Usually 120 at rest
  12. 12Systolic blood pressure ResponseIncreases during all exercises
  13. 13Systolic blood pressure Why it changesBecause more blood is being pumped out per beat/minute and therefore it causes an increase in pressure
  14. 14Tidal volumethe total volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during inspiration and expiration
  15. 15Tidal Volume Response@Submax- Increases rapidly and then Steady State @Max it will reach its maximum capacity and plateau
  16. 16Tidal Volume Why it changesMore air is breathed in resulting in a greater opportunity for O2 to be diffused into the capillaries via the alveoli
  17. 17Vasoconstrictionnarrowing (shrinking) of the blood vessels causing a decrease in blood flowVasoconstriction
  18. 18Vasodilationwidening (swelling) of the blood vessels causing an increase in blood flowVasodilation
  19. 19VentilationV=TVxRR.
    The amount of air breathed in and out per minute.
  20. 20Ventilation ResponseIncreases rapidly for the first 2-3 mins and then gradually depending on the intensity
  21. 21Ventilation Why it changesTo increase the volume of oxygen in the lungs that can be diffused into the blood and transported to the working muscles
  22. 22Venous returnThe amount of blood that is returned back to the heart via the veins.
  23. 23Venous Return ResponseVenous return will increase due to the muscle pump, respiratory pump and venoconstriction
  24. 24Mechanisms of venous return: The muscle pumpMuscular contraction compress veins, pushing the blood through the veins back to the heart. One way valves prevent back flow of bloodMechanisms of venous return: The muscle pump
  25. 25Mechanisms of venous return: The respiratory pumpWhen venous return needs to increase, respiratory rate increases as the diaphragm increases abdominal pressure, forcing blood back to the heart.
  26. 26Mechanisms of venous return: VenoconstrictionReduces the capacity of the veins, forcing the blood to be pushed up to the heart.
  27. 27Venous return Why it changesVenous return takes place so that there can be an increase in cardiac output. Results in more blood being delivered back to the heart so more oxygenated blood can be pumped back out to the working muscles.
  28. 282 factors that regulate body temperature1) Sweat produced by sweat glands
    2) increased blood flow to the skin
  29. 29DiffusionThe movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide to an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Occurs in the alveoli of the lungs and the muscle capillariesDiffusion
  30. 30Diffusion ResponseWill increase
  31. 31Diffusion Why it changesIn order to increase the transfer of oxygen into the blood stream and delivery to the muscle cells. Also to dispose of carbon dioxide which is produce as a result of the aerobic energy system
  32. 32Blood VolumeThe amount of volume of bloodBlood Volume
  33. 33Blood Volume ResponseWill decrease
  34. 34Blood Volume Why it changesCaused by a decrease in plasma volume due to sweating. Depends on the intensity, duration and environmental factorsBlood Volume Why it changes
  35. 35Redistribution of blood flowThe redirection of blood away from areas where it is not needed (e.g. spleen, kidneys) to areas where it is (e.g. working muscles)
  36. 36Redistribution of blood flow ResponseTo increase the amount of oxygen being delivered to the organs that need it during exercise (e.g. working muscles)
    Increasing blood flow to the skin assists in the regulation of body temperature through heat exchange with environment
  37. 37Redistribution of blood flow Why it changesVasoconstriction occurs in arterioles supplying oxygen to the inactive areas and vasodilation occurs in arterioles supplying oxygen to the working muscles
  38. 38Oxygen Consumption (VO2)The volume of oxygen that can be taken up and used by the body
  39. 39Oxygen Consumption (VO2) ResponseIncreases
  40. 40Oxygen Consumption (VO2) Why it changesTo increase the amount of oxygen that is delivered and used by the working muscles. Caused by an increase in cardiac output and the amount of oxygen being extracted from the blood into the muscle
  41. 41a-vO2 DifferenceThe difference in oxygen concentration in the arterioles compared to the venules. Meaning how much O2 diffused into the musclesa-vO2 Difference
  42. 42a-vO2 Difference ResponseIncreases from around 25% @rest to close to 100% at maximal intensitya-vO2 Difference Response
  43. 43a-vO2 Difference Why it changesIncreased O2 into the muscles results in more energy being produced (resynthesis of ATP) through the Aerobic energy system
  44. 44Motor UnitA motor neuron and the muscle fibers it stimulated
  45. 45Motor Unit recruitment ResponseIncreased number recruited / increase frequency of messages
  46. 46Motor Unit recruitment Why it changesTo enable the correct number of muscle fibres to be recruited depending on the intensity of the activity – all or nothing principle. If a motor unit receives the impulse, all its fibres will contract
  47. 47Energy SubstratesThe chemicals that are required to resynthesis ATP i.e. PC, glycogen, triglycerides
  48. 48Energy substrates ResponseDecrease at different rates depending on the duration and intensity of the activity
  49. 49Energy substrates Why it changesOnce ATP stores are depleted, PC, muscle glycogen and muscle triglycerides are all used to resynthesise ATP and so they get used up
  50. 50Body TemperatureA change in the internal temperature of the body
  51. 51Body Temperature ResponseIncreases until it is controlled by
    • Sweat glands produce sweat
    • Increased blood flow to skin (via vasodilation)
  52. 52Body Temperature Why it changesHeat is a by-product of converting chemical energy into mechanical energy when using the Aerobic energy system. Mechanisms work to prevent an increase in core body temperature.(However, during high intensity, blood vessels vasoconstrict which hinders heat transfer)
  53. 53LactateA by-product of anaerobic glycolysis
  54. 54Lactate ResponseIncreases at the start of exercise and then remains constant when production =removal. Increases past the lactate inflection point when intensity increases
  55. 55Lactate Why it changesIt is produced at the start of exercise because the body cannot deliver enough oxygen to the working muscles to resynthesis ATP aerobically. It remains constant when its rate of production = removal, but if it is being produced faster than it is being removed then it will continue to rise
  56. 56The role of the Respiratory systemto extract more oxygen from the air and deliver it to the blood.
  57. 57The role of the Cardiovascular Systemto extract more oxygen from the air and deliver it to the blood.
  58. 58The role of the Muscular Systemto use the oxygen to metabolise fuels and resynthesise ADP to ATP
  59. 59Respiratory RateHow many breaths you take per minute
  60. 60Respiratory Rate ResponseWill increase
    @rest 12 @max 30
  61. 61Heart RateHow many times the heart (Left Ventricle) beats per minute
  62. 62Heart Rate ResponseWill increase
    @rest 70 @max 220-age

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Description
These flashcards test your knowledge of Acute responses to exercise and include definitions, responses and why each occurs
Created by
Paul Batters · Mar 2017
Updated
Mar 2, 2017
Views
17
Tags
wccvcepevcepepeacuteexercisevcelactatecardiac outputventilation
History
  • Created by Tim Hodge · Mar 12, 2015
  • Copied by Paul Batters · Mar 2, 2017
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