8263491
| Question | Answer |
| Adenylate Cyclase (also known as Adenylyl Cyclase) | When activated by the hormone receptor binding to adrenaline and glucagon, it converts ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP) |
| Amylase | Hydrolyses the glycosidic bonds in starch to produce maltose Produced by the salivary glands and the pancreas |
| ATP Hydrolase | Hydrolyses a phosphate bond in ATP to form ADP and Pi (energy is released in this reaction) |
| ATP Synthase | Resynthesises ATP in a condensation reaction to form a phosphate bond between ADP and Pi Involved in Cyclic and Oxidative Phosphorylation |
| Dehydrogenase Enzymes | Catalyse the reduction of NADP |
| Dipeptidases | Hydrolyse the peptide bond in dipeptides Often found on the cell membrane of epithelial cells in the small intestine |
| DNA Helicase | Breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases on the two DNA strands |
| DNA Ligase | Joins the sticky ends of DNA fragments - Ligation |
| DNA Methyltransferase | Attaches methyl groups to cytosine |
| DNA Polymerase | Forms phosphodiester bonds between the DNA nucleotides Travels down the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction because of its active site (which means the new strand is made in the 5' to 3' direction) |
| Endopeptidases (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Pepsin) | Hydrolyse peptide bonds in a protein Trypsin and Chymotrypsin are produced in the pancreas Pepsin is released in the stomach by cells in stomach lining - only works in acidic conditions |
| Exopeptidases | Hydrolyse peptide bonds at the ends of protein molecules, removing a single amino acid |
| Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) | Removes acetyl groups from histones Can be inhibited by drugs like romidepsin |
| Kinase A | When activated by cAMP, it activates a cascade that performs glycogenolysis |
| Lipases | Hydrolyse ester bonds in lipids to form monoglycerides and fatty acids Produced in the pancreas Assisted by bile salts |
| Lysozymes | Stored in lysosomes Lytic enzymes that digest invading cells or break down worn out parts of the cell |
| Membrane-Bound Disaccahridases (Maltase, Sucrase, Lactase) | Hydrolyse glycosidic bonds - Maltase: breaks down maltose into 2 glucose molecules - Sucrase: breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose - Lactase: breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose Attached to the cell membranes of the ileum's epithelial cells |
| Restriction Endonuclease | Recognises specific palindromic sequences and digests the DNA at these points Specific to a particular Recognition Sequence |
| Reverse Transcriptase | Makes cDNA from an RNA template Found in retroviruses like HIV |
| RNA Polymerase | Assists in Transcription 1. Opens the double helix at the start of a gene 2. Forms phosphodiester bonds between the complementary RNA nucleotides lined up next to the exposed template strand = mRNA 3. Disassembles the mRNA from the DNA |
| Rubisco | Joins carbon dioxide to RuBP in the Calvin Cycle |
| Chymosin (Rennin) EXAMPLE ENZYME: NOT NECESSARY | Used in cheese making Made from rennet (substance produced in cows' stomachs) but now can also be made cheaply in large quantities by transformed organisms, meaning cheese can be suitable for vegetarians since no cows have to be killed |
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