8816468
Description
Flashcards by Dhara Bechra, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Dhara Bechra
almost 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Simons & Chabris (1999) - Visual Inattention | Research into visual attention reveals that we often don't detect large changes to objects and scenes. Unless we are paying attention, we may not even perceive objects. |
| Aims & Research Questions | What role does attention play in visual perception? To what degree are the details of out visual world perceived and represented? To investigate the effect of several factors on 'inattentional blindness' |
| Research Method | Lab Experiment Independent Measures Design |
| Sample | Volunteer sample: 228 observers, mostly undergraduates PP's volunteered without reward, received sweets or was paid a single fee. |
| Procedure | 4 videotapes, 75 secs long were created.Each tape showed 2 teams of 3 basketball players, one team wearing white and other wearing black, who moved round in open area in front of bank of three elevator door passing standard basketball to one another. Passes were either bounce or aerial passes. |
| Procedure (2) | After 44-48 secs, 1 of 2 unexpected events occurred: Umbrella-woman condition: tall woman holding open umbrella walked from off camera on one side of action to other, L to R. Gorilla condition: person wearing costume walked through action in same way. |
| Procedure (3) | Each event lasted 5 secs, players continued actions throughout event. There were 2 styles of videos: Transparent condition: white team, black team and unexpected event were all filmed separately, 3 video streams rendered and edited it to make it partially transparent. |
| Procedure (4) | Opaque condition: all 7 actors filmed simultaneously and could then obstruct one another and the basketballs. 4 conditions: transparent/umbrella woman; transparent/gorilla; opaque/umbrella woman; opaque/gorilla. |
| Procedure (5) | Observers tested individually. Before viewing, observers told they should pay attention to white team or black team. Told either to keep silent mental count of No. of passes by team (easy) or separate silent count of no. of bounce and aerial passes (hard). |
| Procedure (6) | 4 conditions: white/easy; white/hard, black/easy; black/hard. Only took part in one condition. Observers then asked questions including critical question 'Did you see a gorilla (or umbrella woman) walk across the screen?' |
| Results | Transparent: Easy/white/umbrella- 58; Easy/white/gorilla- 8; Easy/black/umbrella- 92; Easy/black/gorilla- 67; Hard/white/umbrella- 33; Hard/white/gorilla- 8; Hard/black/umbrella- 42; Hard/black/gorilla- 25 |
| Results (2) | Opaque: Easy/white/umbrella- 100; Easy/white/gorilla- 42; Easy/black/umbrella- 58; Easy/black/gorilla- 83; Hard/white/umbrella- 83; Hard/white/gorilla- 50; Hard/black/umbrella- 58; Hard/black/gorilla- 58 Out of 192 observers, 46% failedto notice event--36 observer discarded for reasons. |
| Conclusion | Paying close attention to one aspect of our environment reduces ability to notice large objects nearby. Degree of inattentional blindness depends on difficulty of the task. |
| Evaluation | High control as done in a lab. Quantitative data collected Consent obtained before. Pp's fully debriefed after. Low EV Replicable- procedure standardised |
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