Flashcards
Cell structure, function and metabolism
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1Cell theory:1. All living things are made up of cells and materials produced by cells
2. A new organism begins as a single cell
3. Organisms develop by creating new cells - 2The human body's structural organisation:Cells --> Tissues--> Muscles--> System--> Multicellular Organsim
- 3Cells:The basic structural and functional units of plants and animals
- 4Tissues:Cells with similar specialisations and functions make up tissues
- 5Organs:Made up of two or more tissue types
- 6System:A group of organs that work together for a common purpose
- 7Homeostasis:Keeping the cellular environment constant
- 8Extracellular/ Intercellular fluid:The immediate cellular environment that surrounds all cells (tissue fluid)
- 9Cells require:Oxygen and glucose
- 10Wates produced by cells:Carbon dioxide and water
- 11Nucleus:Contains chromosomes/DNA which makes up the genes of the cell. Controls the activities of the cell
- 12Nucleolus:Contains RNA and are involved in protein synthesis in the ribosome
- 13Nuclear membrane:Controls movement of chemicals in and out of the nucleus
- 14Nucleoplasm:Fluid found in the nucleus of cells
- 15CytoplasmFluid the organelles are suspended in, 75-90% water
- 16Plasma (cell) membrane):Semi-permeable border around the cell; controls entry/exit of materials/nutrients to and from the cell
- 17Golgi apparatus (Golgi body):Modifies and packages proteins in vesicles ready for transport or secretion outside of the cell.
- 18Rough endoplasmic reticulum:A pathway or network involved in the transport of materials within the cell and between the cell and its surroudings
- 19Smooth endoplasmic reticulum:A network involved in the transport of materials within the cell and between the cell and its surroundings
- 20Mitochondria:The site of aerobic respiration. Energy releasing organelles Often called the 'powerhouse of the cell'.
- 21Ribosome:The site of protein synthesis
- 22Lysosome;Ingests and destroys foreign materials. Contain digestive enzymes to break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and some carbohydrates.
- 23Centriole:Involved in the process of cell division.
- 24Cytoskeleton:Gives cell shape; helps with the movement of materials, organelles or the whole cell.
- 25Passive processes:Does not require cell's energy
- 26Active processes:Require the cell's energy for the transfer to occur
- 27Diffusion/Osmosis:Passive movements of water, ions and molecules due to concentration gradient.
- 28Carrier-mediated transportSpecial proteins carry substances through the membrane.
- 29Vesicular transport:Substances move across the membrane surrounded by a membrane-bound sac.
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- Year 11 Human Biology (Cells ) Flashcards on Cell structure, function and metabolism , created by Tyla Gilbert on 19/06/2017.
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- Tyla Gilbert
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