Flashcards
The Great Turn
Cards in this deck (32)
- 1What was the 'great compromise of 1921'?The swerve away from war communism to the NEP
- 2When was the 'Great Turn'?Between 1927 to 1929
- 3What did the 'Great Turn' consist of?The abandonment of NEP and the economy rapidly industrialising- whatever the costs.
- 4What did this mark the end of?The end of the Leninist phase of the Bolshevik state and the start of Stalinism.
- 5What was industrialisation badly hit by before the 'Great Turn'?WW1 and the Civil War
- 6When was there a degree of industrial recovery?After 1921- however, it was slow and patchy
- 7How was production weakened?Strikes, managerial inefficiency and low levels of mechanisation
- 8Who did officials blame?Nepmen because they allegedly obstructed central planners (Gosplan and Veshenka); factory managers blamed government officials for interfering and demanding unrealistically low prices
- 9What were the problems of industrialisation closely linked to?Agriculture and collectivisation
- 10Why did the government rely on stable food supplies and grain surpluses?To feed the industrial workers and help pay for investment and machinery
- 11How many of the peasant population were working on collective farms by 1928?Less than 5%
- 12Give the key reasons why the regime was pushed towards a change in policy by 1927-Weaknesses in industrial management
-Drive towards industrialisation was perceived to be going too slowly
-Huge crisis in grain procurement in the winter of 1927 to 1928
-Party began to get impatient to revert to true communist ideology in managing the economy
-Stalin's changing attitude to economic policy - 13When was the first Five Year Plan?1928
- 14What were the main aims of the first Five Year plan? (Name 2)Develop heavy industry
Boost overall production by 300 percent
Improve transport systems
Transform society by electrification- six times more electric power by 1933 than total in 1928
Increase agricultural production
Double light industry - 15How did Stalin believe it was possible to achieve these goals?Through mass enthusiasm from the workers from propaganda
- 16What was the state planning agency called?Gosplan
- 17Give a consequence of not achieving a production targetBeing labelled a 'wrecker'
It was a criminal offence to not fulfill a target so people feared going to prison. - 18When did the Second Five Year Plan take place?1933-1937
- 19What were the aims of the second Five Year Plan?Continue the development of heavy industry
Promote the growth of light industries
Develop communications to provide links between cities and other industrial areas
Foster engineering and tool-making - 20Why did Gosplan struggle during the plans?They did not receive accurate information about production so it meant calculations about the amount of resources needed were wrong.
Regional party leaders argued with Gosplan because they believed the resources should go to them first - 21How did the party label the years 1934-36?The 'three good years'
- 22When did the Moscow Metro open?1935
- 23When did the Volga canal open?1937
- 24How much did steel production increase by?It trebled
- 25How much did coal production increase by?It doubled
- 26What was the percentage of GDP spent on rearmament in 1933 and 19374% in 1933
17% in 1937 - 27When did the Third Five Year Plan start and finish?1938-1942
- 28What did the plan have a particular focus on?Focused on the needs of the defense sector because of the growing threat of Nazi Germany. The plan was disrupted by the approach of war in 1941
- 29Give the aims of the planPlace a renewed emphasis on heavy industry
Promote rapid rearmament
Complete the transition to communism - 30How was spending affected between 1938 to 1940?It doubled.
- 31What effect did the increase in armament production have on other industries?Steel production stagnated
Oil failed to make targets
Shortage of raw materials - 32What effect did Stalin's purges have on the Five Year Plans?They resulted in a lack of technicians and experts which slowed down production and industrialisation.