Flashcards
Chapter 2 - Motivating workers
Cards in this deck (39)
- 1List 4 main types of reasons to work voluntary or for a job that does not yeild much money1. Security - knowing that you are not likely to lose job
2. Social needs - feel a part of a group
3. Esteem needs - feeling important
4. Job satisfaction - 2List 3 reasons why motivation is valuable for firms1. Increase employee satisfaction - reduces friction within workforce and less time taken off work
2. Increase production - satisfied workers are willing to work harder, thus producing more
3. Improve quality - satisfied workers will take responsibility for their job - 3What is the F.W. Taylor motivation theory?He assumes that all individuals are motivated by money. All unnecessary tasks should be eliminated. Their tasks depends on their skill. Output determines the amount they pay.
- 4List 3 disadvantages to the F.W Taylor Theory1. Not all employees are motivated by money
2. May not always be able to measure employee's output
3. Conflict from too much control - 5What is the Maslow Theory?A hierarchy of needs where one level must be achieved before an employee can be motivated by the next level.
- 6List the 5 needs in ascending order from Maslow's hierarchy of needs1. Physiological needs
2. Safety/Security needs
3. Social needs
4. Esteem needs
5. Self-actualisation - 7What is a problem of Maslow's Theory?Some levels do not apply to certain individuals, while some rewards appear to fit into more than one level. Some individuals have other areas of lie that motivates them.
- 8What could managers do to solve the problem of Maslow's Theory?They must identify the level of hierarchy that a particular job provides and look for ways of allowing employees to benefit from next level up the hierarchy. This helps motivate them to work harder.
- 9What is Herzberg's Theory?Humans have 2 sets of needs; basic animal needs (hygiene factors or needs) and for humans to be able to grow psychologically (motivational needs or motivators)
Hygiene factors must be satisfied before achieving motivators, otherwise they could act as demotivators. - 10List the 3 principles of Herzberg's Theory1. Job should be designed to be meaningful and interesting
2. Train workers to work well and provide them opportunities to develop skills.
3. Offer new challenges and opportunities for promotion - 11List the 7 hygiene factors1. Status
2. Security
3. Work conditions
4. Company policies and administration
5. Relationship with supervisor
6. Relationship with subordinates
7. Salary - 12List the 4 motivators1. Achievement
2. Recognition
3. Personal growth/ development
4. Work itself - 13What are wages?Workers are paid weekly in cash or into bank account. Paid on regular basis. Tend to be paid to manual workers. If worker works longer: regular amount per hour plus extra amount.
- 14List 2 disadvantages of wages1. Must be calculated every week (time and money consuming)
2. Have to hire wage clerks to perform this task - 15List 2 ways of calculating wages1. Time rate
2. Piece rate - 16What is time rate?Used where it's difficult to measure output of worker. Pays according to working time.
- 17What is an advantage of time rateEasier to calculate workers' wages and workers know exactly what will be paid for working a certain period of time.
- 18List 3 disadvantages of time rate1. Time-consuming to calculate hours worked
2. Good and bad workers get paid the same amount
3. Supervisors must be hired to ensure workers' progress - 19What is piece rate?Workers are paid based on output
Basic rate is paid with additional money according to how many products have been produced - 20List one advantage of piece rateEncourages workers to work faster and produce more goods
- 21List 3 disadvantages of piece rate1. Workers may ignore the quality while focusing on quantity
2. Careful workers will not earn as much as rushed workers - cause friction between employees as some earn more
3. Machinery breaks down, employees will earn less money - 22What are salaries?Monthly payment, usually straight into bank account
Calculated per year and divided into 12 - 23List 3 advantages of salaries1. Paid for job but not extra work
2. Employer has money in their bank accounts for longer than if they were payed with wages
3. Payment is only calculated once a month - 24List 5 types of rewards that are added to the basic salary1. Commission
2. Profit-sharing
3. Bonus
4. Performance related pay
5. Share ownership - 25How is commission payed?It is often paid to sales staff. More sales = more money paid. This encourages sales staff to sell as many products as possible - leading to increase in sales.
- 26List 2 disadvantages of commission1. Sales staff can become too persuasive and encourage customers to buy goods they don't want - leads to bad reputation
2. Stressful for sales staff - 27How is profit-sharing payed?Employees receive a share of profit to their basic salary. Rest of the profits are paid as dividends to shareholders or retained by business. Often used in service sector (difficult to identify individual employees' contribution to the increased profits.
- 28List an advantage of profit-sharingMotivates workers to work harder as they all receive a share of the profit earned by the business
- 29How are bonuses paid?It is paid to workers when they have worked well. It can be paid at end of intervals during the year
- 30How is performance related pay payed?Linked to the effectiveness of their work. Used where output can be measured.
- 31What is an appraisal?Employee's immediate superior observes their work, talks to workers' colleagues and carries out an interview with employee to discuss their progress and effectiveness.
- 32How is share ownership payed?Employees are often given some shares in the company.
- 33List 3 advantages of share ownership1. Encourages them to work hard
2. If company does well - share price will increase and increase values of their shares
3. Improve employee loyalty - feel a part of the company - 34What are non-financial rewards known as?Fringe Benefits
- 35List the 3 types of way to improve job satisfaction1. Job Rotation
2. Job Enlargement
3. Job Enrichment - 36Explain Job rotationWorkers swap around doing specific tasks for a limited amount of time.
- 37List 2 advantages of job rotation1. Increases variety in work itself
2. Easier for managers to move workers around if there needs replacements - 38Explain job enlargementExtra tasks of a similar level of work are added to a worker's job description.
Does not mean extra work or increased responsibility to employee - 39Explain job enrichmentAdding tasks that require more skill or responsibility. Additional training may be required to enable employees to take on extra tasks.
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- IGCSE Business Flashcards on Chapter 2 - Motivating workers, created by Yolanda Hung (9W) on 05/08/2017.
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- Yolanda Hung (9W)
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