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NSF Embryology

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NSF Embryology

a. Cleavage
- 1
  - Zygote
    - Morula
      - Blastocyst
- 2
  - Implantation
b. Embryonic
- 3
  - Chorion (2 layers from trophoblast)
- 4
  - Bilaminar Disc (from inner cell mass)
    - Epiblast (lower layer)
      - 5
        Amniotic Cavity (cavity in epiblast)
        Amnion (roof epiblast cells from membrane)
      - 9
        Invagination
        Primitive Streak (groove on dorsal of epiblast)
        Primitive Node (round ball of epiblastic cells at head of PS)
        Oropharyngeal Membrane (depression on dorsal of ectoderm)
        Mouth
        11
        Neurulation
        Neural Plate (ectoderm cells thickening between PN & OM)
        12
        Neural Folds (edges elevate)
        14
        Neural Tube (pinches off ectoderm & sinks)
        Neuro Crest Cells (migrate from tube & proliferate under ectoderm)
        PNS
        CNS
        Neural Groove (cells inbetween invaginate)
        Somites (paired longitudinal columns from mesoderm along notochord)
        13
        Paraxial Mesoderm (closest to notochord)
        Intermediate Mesoderm (formed of somites)
        Lateral Plate Mesoderm (pair of flattened sheets lateral to IM)
        15
        Intraembryonic Coelom (inward cavity, splits LPM in two)
        Somatic Mesoderm (upper plate)
        Bones
        Ligaments
        Dermis of the limbs
        Splanchnic Mesoderm (lower plate)
        Heart
        Blood vessels
        Smooth muscle
        Connective tissue of the respiratory & digestive organs
        Dermatome (outer subdivision)
        Connective tissues
        Myotome (middle subdivision)
        Skeletal muscle of head, neck, & limbs
        Sclerotome (inner subdivision)
        Vertebrae
        Notochord (solid cylinder under mesoderm)
        Spinal Column
        Cloacal Membrane (tail of PS)
        Allantois (vascularised pouch leads to CS)
        Anus
    - Hypoblast (upper layer)
      - 6
        Exocoelomic Membrane (cells from edge of hypoblast)
        7
        Yolk Sac (from hypoblast & exo membrane)
        Extraembryonic Membrane (loose cells between yolk sac, trophoblast, & amnion)
        Extraembryonic Coelom (large cavity in mesoderm)
        8
        Connecting Stalk (embryonic disc to chorion)
        Chorionic Cavity (mesoderm fuses to chorion & amnion)
    - 10
      - Gastrulation
        Trilaminar Disc
        Ectoderm (cells on dorsal of epiblast)
        All nervous tissue
        Epidermis of skin
        Tooth enamel
        Lens & cornea of eye
        Inner & outer ear
        Epithelial lining of oral & nasal cavities
        Adrenal medulla
        Endoderm (from hypoblast)
        Epithelial linings of GI, urinary, genital, & respiratory tracts
        Epithelium of thyroid gland, pancreas, & thymus
        Mesoderm (mesenchyme displaces hypoblast)
        All skeletal & cardiac muscle
        Most smooth muscle
        Cartilage, bone, & connective tissue
        Epithelial linings of visceral cavities
        Dermis of skin
        Layers of eyeball
        Middle of ear
        Adrenal cortex
c. Organogenesis
- 16
  - Folding
    - Epidermis (ectoderm, outer layer)
    - Gut Tube (endoderm, inner layer)
    - Mesoderm (middle layer)
    - 17
      - Primitive Gut (lateral folds, dorsal yolk sac forms PG)
        Foregut (embryo cranial end)
        Stomodeum (separated from foregut by OM)
        Oral Cavity
        Oseophagus (OM ruptures, joins with pharynx)
        Hindgut (embryo caudal end)
        Cloaca (cavity at caudal end)
        Proctodeum (separated by cloacal membrane)
        Urogenital Region
        Anorectal Region
        Midgut (intermediate section)
    - 18
      - Umbilical Chord (connecting stalk, apical yolk sac, extraembryonic mesoderm, & ectoderm lining of amniotic cavity)
    - 19
      - Gut Tube (pinched off from yolk sac)
        Dorsal Mesentery (mesoderm attaches gut to abdominal wall)
        Ventral Mesentery (mesoderm attaches gut to abdominal wall)
    - 20
      - Pharyngeal Arches (outpouches of mesoderm on either side of pharynx)
        Pharyngeal Clefts (groove between arches)
        Pharyngeal Pouches (inside embryo, contain artery, cranial nerve, cartilage, & muscle tissue)
        Pharynx
      - Lens Placode (thickened ectoderm)
        Eye Lens
      - Otic Placode (thickedn ectoderm)
        Inner Ear
Membranes & Cavities
- Amnion Membrane
  - Amniotic Cavity
    - Location: above germinal disc, innermost to embryo at folding
    - Origin: ectoderm cells
    - Function: shock absorber, provides moisture
- Chorion Membrane
  - Chorionic Cavity / Extraembryonic Coelom
    - Location: beneath germinal disc & around yolk sac, outermost to embryo at folding
    - Origin: mesoderm cells
    - Function: forms placenta, protection from maternal immune response
- Yolk Sac Membrane
  - Yolk Sac Cavity
    - Location: beneath germinal disc & in front of allantoic cavity
    - Origin: hypoblasts in blastocyst
    - Function: nutrient supply to embryo, replaced by placenta
- Allantois Membrane
  - Allantoic Cavity
    - Location: beneath germinal disc & behind yolk sac
    - Origin: hypoblasts in blastocyst, membrane fuses with chorion
    - Function: formation of blood vessels, gas exchange, & waste removal, replaced by placenta

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Description: Veterinary Medicine Mind Map on NSF Embryology, created by Ash Holland on 02/11/2017.
Created by: Ash Holland
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NSF Embryology

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