Metals

Metals

1. FERROUS

   • IRON
     • Wrought Iron: This was used by the Romans.
       • It was forged rather than cast.
         • Forging is when you heat the metal to a high heat (red hot) and hammer it into shape.
         • Britain had lots of iron ore mines.
         • They also had lots of forests so it was easier to get fuel for the furnaces.
     • Pig Iron: Used for the industrial revolution.
       • Abraham Darby 1st (1678-1717)
         • He developed a way of making lots of pig iron at once.
           • This was important for the industrial revolution.
           • This was by casting molten iron.
           • He made sand casting techniques which made i possible to make high standard cast products.
     • Properties of cast iron.
       • Cast iron has a carbon content of 2.1% and up.
       • It is brittle which means it can snap.
       • It is likely to break or shatter if it is dropped or met with an impact.
   • Metals that contain iron.
   • This rusts and corrodes.

2. NON-FERROUS

   • Non-ferrous metals are ones that don't contain any iron.
     • This means that they do not rust or suffer from contact with water.
     • This means the are not attracted to magnets.
     • Aluminium
       • Properties
         • Light grey in colour. Smelted from bauxite ore. Aluminium 95%, Copper 4%, Manganese 1%.
         • Ductile (easily stretched), soft, malleable, light.
         • It resists corrosion and can be cast into products from ingots.

3. ALLOY

   • An alloy is a metal (parent metal) combined with other substances (alloying agents).
     • This gives it better properties like; strength, hardness, durability, ductility (easily stretched), tensile strength (how resistant it is to breaking) and toughness.
     • The parent metal is the majority of the alloy.
     • An example is, mild steel. It is 0.1% - 0.3% Carbon and 99.7% - 99.9%