Renaissance and Reformation

Renaissance and Reformation

1. John Calvin

   • Born: July 10th 1509 in France Died: May 27th 1564 in Geneva
   • FUNDAMENTALLY Martin Luther and him had some different beliefs.
   • "The Institutes of The Christian Religion"
     • Book Written By Calvin In 1585
     • It discusses the beliefs of Protestantism.
   • He was a Preacher for Protestantism
   • Influenced by Martin Luther
   • Also Influenced by Huldrych Zwingli
     • Huldrych Zwingli died in a battle between Protestants and Catholics.
   • Eventually was invited to rule Geneva and he did
     • He had strict laws such as no one was allowed to wear bright colors, no gambling was allowed, and all bars were to be closed every day at 9:00 PM. People liked him though.
   • Believed in Predestination
     • Idea that God has known since the beginning of time who he will save to bring up to heaven and who will not be saved not depending on things done in person's life. People who are saved are called the elect.

2. Martin Luther

   • Born 10th of November 1483 in Eisleben, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire. Died 18th of February 1546 in Eisleben, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire.
   • Influenced many people including John Calvin
   • Ideas spread quickly by Printing Press
     • Movable type printing press invented by Gutenberg
       • In 1450s
       • Created the Gutenberg Bible
         • In 1455
         • First book ever printed
       • Renaissance
         • Years 1300-1600
         • Began in Italy
           • Because Italy had a wealthy merchant class, thriving cities, and the culture of Ancient Greece, and Rome
   • Openly Critisized the Catholic Church
   • Protestant Monk and Teacher at a College in Germany.
   • attacked the Indulgences (fee for express way to heaven)
     • Posted 95 Theses
       • In 1517
       • His 95 theses were criticism and attack towards sellers of indulgences.
       • VERY CRUCIAL POINT IN HISTORY!!
       • Wittenberg Castle
         • where the reformation started with the 95 theses posted here.
   • hidden by Fred the Wise in Wartburg Castle
   • peasant's revolt

3. consequences

   • 1 religion
     • protestantism
       • lutheranism
       • calvinism
       • anglicanism
         • Founded by Henry VIII
           • Founded enitially to divorse his wife
       • zwinglism
   • religion wars
   • rulers use reformation against the church
     • Henry 8th limited the pope's powers and became head of the church
   • counterreformation of the catholics
     • Battle of Muhlberg
       • Charles V defeats German Protestants
     • Diet of Worms
       • outlaws lutheranism in 1521
   • peace of augsburg (peace between Lutherans and Catholics

4. causes

   • misbehavior of priests
     • gambling, marriage, drinking
   • church was getting too powerful