U2-3 Types of Bilinguals

Simultaneous
1. 2 lang. B4 1
2. until ~ 3
3. Informal learning
  1. at home
4. concurrent development
5. unequal exposure
6. unequal comprehension
Sequential L2
1. learn 1 --> 2
  1. ~4
2. early informal
3. L2 direct instruction
4. L1 vocab. different than L2
5. Unequal comprehension
Older L2 Learners
1. learn informally / directly
2. lang. skills influence L2
3. Cognitive skills influence L2
4. affect influence L2
4 subgroups
1. simultaneous
  1. majority
  2. minority
2. sequential
  1. majority
    1. lang. used / valued
      1. prestige lang.
      2. high SES
      3. government uses
      4. bilingualism choice
  2. minority
    1. lang. not used / valued
      1. used by monority
      2. stigmatized lang.
      3. association
        immigrants
        low SES
      4. no govern. use
      5. bilingualism need
3. different SEC = different outcome
Indogenous
1. community use / not govern.
  1. sicilian
2. diglossia
  1. 2 lang. coexist
Exogenous
1. no speech community
2. official use only
  1. french / africa
Additive Bilingual
1. L2 acquired w/o hurting L1
  1. cognitive / linguistic advantage
2. majority lang. environment
Subtractive Bilingual
1. L2 acquistion hurts L1
  1. L2 replaces L1
  2. cognitive / linguistic disadvantage
2. Often minority lang. environment
3. bad parental advise
  1. no evidence

Resource summary

	Created by ecustodio1080 over 10 years ago