The 3 Approaches to Argument

The 3 Approaches to Argument

1. The Classical Approach

   • Introduction
     • captures attention of audience
     • urges audience to consider your case
   • State the issue
   • State your position in the issue
   • Analyze the opposing argument
   • Develop your whole argument
   • summarize your important points

2. The Rogerian Approach

   • Introduction
     • Briefly states the issue or problem
   • A neutral statement of the opponents argument
   • A neutral statement of the writers position
   • Analysis of what the two positions have in common
   • Proposes a compromise

3. The Toulmin Approach

   • Claim
     • The statement you are asking the other person to accept
   • Grounds
     • The actual backing for your argument
   • Warrant
     • Links data and other grounds to the claim
   • Backing
     • Gives additional support to the warrant
   • Rebuttal
     • defending additional counter arguments