Week 9: Diseases

Week 9: Diseases

Waterborne Diseases
1. Causes more human health problems than other types of water pollution
  1. Contaminated by inadequately treated human waste, animal waste, landfill runoff
2. Cholera
  1. Pathogens originate in fecal material, transmitted by ingestion
  2. Toxin emitted bacterial - risk affected by salinity, pH, etc.
  3. Acute diarrheal infection - 1.3-1.4 million cases
Climate and Waterborne Diseases
1. Increase in temperature linked to increase in diarrheal diseases
2. Climate change increases frequency and severity of Cholera outbreaks
Vector Borne Diseases
1. Pathogen (an agent) + vector (a host) + transmisison environment
  1. EIP (Extrinsic incubation period) - how long a pathogen takes to be communicable
  2. Biological Vector: transports a pathogen + important for pathogen life cycle
  3. Mechanical Vector: an organism which only transports a pathogen (fly)
2. Malaria
  1. A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood
  2. Increase temperature = increase life cycle, range and malaria cases
3. Dengue Fever
  1. Virus from mosquitos, most rapidly spreading viral disease globally
  2. Vulnerability + higher populations = increase in longer seasons due to climate change
4. Lyme Disease
  1. Bacterium spread by black legged ticks - mammals or birds as hosts
  2. Northward migration due to warming climates
5. Schistosomiasis
  1. Parasite in fresh water snails
  2. Land use change increases
6. Valley Fever
  1. Fungal disease in soil
  2. Spreading with hotter, drier climate
Climate and Vector Borne Disease
1. Change = increase vectors, EIP and living conditions
2. Increase in vulnerability from changing weather and populations
Solutions
1. Improve access to clean water
2. Develop vaccines
3. Protect water and sanitation systems

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	Created by Emilie Perreault about 2 years ago